Package com.landawn.abacus.util

Class EscapeUtil

java.lang.Object
com.landawn.abacus.util.EscapeUtil
public final class EscapeUtil extends Object
Note: it's copied from StringEscaperUtils in Apache Commons Lang under Apache License 2.0

Escapes and unescapes Strings for Java, Java Script, HTML and XML.

#ThreadSafe#

Since:
2.0

  • Field Details

    • ESCAPE_JAVA

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_JAVA
      Translator object for escaping Java. While escapeJava(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the Java escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT
      Translator object for escaping EcmaScript/JavaScript. While escapeEcmaScript(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the EcmaScript escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • ESCAPE_JSON

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_JSON
      Translator object for escaping Json. While escapeJson(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the Json escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.2

    • ESCAPE_XML10

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_XML10
      Translator object for escaping XML 1.0. While escapeXml10(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the XML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.3

    • ESCAPE_XML11

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_XML11
      Translator object for escaping XML 1.1. While escapeXml11(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the XML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.3

    • ESCAPE_HTML3

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_HTML3
      Translator object for escaping HTML version 3.0. While escapeHtml3(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the HTML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • ESCAPE_HTML4

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_HTML4
      Translator object for escaping HTML version 4.0. While escapeHtml4(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the HTML escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • ESCAPE_CSV

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator ESCAPE_CSV
      Translator object for escaping individual Comma Separated Values. While escapeCsv(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the CSV escaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • UNESCAPE_JAVA

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_JAVA
      Translator object for unescaping escaped Java. While unescapeJava(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the Java unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_ECMASCRIPT
      Translator object for unescaping escaped EcmaScript. While unescapeEcmaScript(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the EcmaScript unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • UNESCAPE_JSON

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_JSON
      Translator object for unescaping escaped Json. While unescapeJson(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the Json unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.2

    • UNESCAPE_HTML3

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_HTML3
      Translator object for unescaping escaped HTML 3.0. While unescapeHtml3(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the HTML unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • UNESCAPE_HTML4

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_HTML4
      Translator object for unescaping escaped HTML 4.0. While unescapeHtml4(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the HTML unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • UNESCAPE_XML

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_XML
      Translator object for unescaping escaped XML. While unescapeXml(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the XML unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

    • UNESCAPE_CSV

      public static final EscapeUtil.CharSequenceTranslator UNESCAPE_CSV
      Translator object for unescaping escaped Comma Separated Value entries. While unescapeCsv(String) is the expected method of use, this object allows the CSV unescaping functionality to be used as the foundation for a custom translator.
      Since:
      3.0

  • Method Details

    • escapeJava

      public static String escapeJava(String input)

      Escapes the characters in a String using Java String rules.

      Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)

      So a tab becomes the characters '\\' and 't'.

      The only difference between Java strings and JavaScript strings is that in JavaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.

      Example:

       input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
 output string: He didn't say, \"Stop!\"
      Parameters:
      input - String to escape values in, may be null
      Returns:
      String with escaped values, null if null string input

    • escapeEcmaScript

      public static String escapeEcmaScript(String input)

      Escapes the characters in a String using EcmaScript String rules.

      Escapes any values it finds into their EcmaScript String form. Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)

      So a tab becomes the characters '\\' and 't'.

      The only difference between Java strings and EcmaScript strings is that in EcmaScript, a single quote and forward-slash (/) are escaped.

      Note that EcmaScript is best known by the JavaScript and ActionScript dialects.

      Example:

       input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
 output string: He didn\'t say, \"Stop!\"
      Parameters:
      input - String to escape values in, may be null
      Returns:
      String with escaped values, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.0

    • escapeJson

      public static String escapeJson(String input)

      Escapes the characters in a String using Json String rules.

      Escapes any values it finds into their Json String form. Deals correctly with quotes and control-chars (tab, backslash, cr, ff, etc.)

      So a tab becomes the characters '\\' and 't'.

      The only difference between Java strings and Json strings is that in Json, forward-slash (/) is escaped.

      See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt for further details.

      Example:

       input string: He didn't say, "Stop!"
 output string: He didn't say, \"Stop!\"
      Parameters:
      input - String to escape values in, may be null
      Returns:
      String with escaped values, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.2

    • unescapeJava

      public static String unescapeJava(String input)

      Unescapes any Java literals found in the String. For example, it will turn a sequence of '\' and 'n' into a newline character, unless the '\' is preceded by another '\'.

      Parameters:
      input - the String to unescape, may be null
      Returns:
      a new unescaped String, null if null string input

    • unescapeEcmaScript

      public static String unescapeEcmaScript(String input)

      Unescapes any EcmaScript literals found in the String.

      For example, it will turn a sequence of '\' and 'n' into a newline character, unless the '\' is preceded by another '\'.

      Parameters:
      input - the String to unescape, may be null
      Returns:
      A new unescaped String, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.0
      See Also:

    • unescapeJson

      public static String unescapeJson(String input)

      Unescapes any Json literals found in the String.

      For example, it will turn a sequence of '\' and 'n' into a newline character, unless the '\' is preceded by another '\'.

      Parameters:
      input - the String to unescape, may be null
      Returns:
      A new unescaped String, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.2
      See Also:

    • escapeHtml4

      public static String escapeHtml4(String input)

      Escapes the characters in a String using HTML entities.

      For example:

      "bread" & "butter"

      becomes:

      "bread" & "butter".

      Supports all known HTML 4.0 entities, including funky accents. Note that the commonly used apostrophe escape character (') is not a legal entity and so is not supported).

      Parameters:
      input - the String to escape, may be null
      Returns:
      a new escaped String, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.0
      See Also:

    • escapeHtml3

      public static String escapeHtml3(String input)

      Escapes the characters in a String using HTML entities.

      Supports only the HTML 3.0 entities.

      Parameters:
      input - the String to escape, may be null
      Returns:
      a new escaped String, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.0

    • unescapeHtml4

      public static String unescapeHtml4(String input)

      Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes. Supports HTML 4.0 entities.

      For example, the string "&lt;Fran&ccedil;ais&gt;" will become "<Français>"

      If an entity is unrecognized, it is left alone, and inserted verbatim into the result string. e.g. "&gt;&zzzz;x" will become ">&zzzz;x".

      Parameters:
      input - the String to unescape, may be null
      Returns:
      a new unescaped String, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.0

    • unescapeHtml3

      public static String unescapeHtml3(String input)

      Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes. Supports only HTML 3.0 entities.

      Parameters:
      input - the String to unescape, may be null
      Returns:
      a new unescaped String, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.0

    • escapeXml10

      public static String escapeXml10(String input)

      Escapes the characters in a String using XML entities.

      For example: "bread" & "butter" => &quot;bread&quot; &amp; &quot;butter&quot;.

      Note that XML 1.0 is a text-only format: it cannot represent control characters or unpaired Unicode surrogate codepoints, even after escaping. escapeXml10 will remove characters that do not fit in the following ranges:

      #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]

      Though not strictly necessary, escapeXml10 will escape characters in the following ranges:

      [#x7F-#x84] | [#x86-#x9F]

      The returned string can be inserted into a valid XML 1.0 or XML 1.1 document. If you want to allow more non-text characters in an XML 1.1 document, use escapeXml11(String).

      Parameters:
      input - the String to escape, may be null
      Returns:
      a new escaped String, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.3
      See Also:

    • escapeXml11

      public static String escapeXml11(String input)

      Escapes the characters in a String using XML entities.

      For example: "bread" & "butter" => &quot;bread&quot; &amp; &quot;butter&quot;.

      XML 1.1 can represent certain control characters, but it cannot represent the null byte or unpaired Unicode surrogate codepoints, even after escaping. escapeXml11 will remove characters that do not fit in the following ranges:

      [#x1-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] | [#x10000-#x10FFFF]

      escapeXml11 will escape characters in the following ranges:

      [#x1-#x8] | [#xB-#xC] | [#xE-#x1F] | [#x7F-#x84] | [#x86-#x9F]

      The returned string can be inserted into a valid XML 1.1 document. Do not use it for XML 1.0 documents.

      Parameters:
      input - the String to escape, may be null
      Returns:
      a new escaped String, null if null string input
      Since:
      3.3
      See Also:

    • unescapeXml

      public static String unescapeXml(String input)

      Unescapes a string containing XML entity escapes to a string containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the escapes.

      Supports only the five basic XML entities (gt, lt, quot, amp, apos). Does not support DTDs or external entities.

      Note that numerical \\u Unicode codes are unescaped to their respective Unicode characters. This may change in future releases.

      Parameters:
      input - the String to unescape, may be null
      Returns:
      a new unescaped String, null if null string input
      See Also:

    • escapeCsv

      public static String escapeCsv(String input)

      Returns a String value for a CSV column enclosed in double quotes, if required.

      If the value contains a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned enclosed in double quotes.

      Any double quote characters in the value are escaped with another double quote.

      If the value does not contain a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned unchanged.

      see Wikipedia and RFC 4180.
      Parameters:
      input - the input CSV column String, may be null
      Returns:
      newline or double quote, null if null string input
      Since:
      2.4

    • unescapeCsv

      public static String unescapeCsv(String input)

      Returns a String value for an unescaped CSV column.

      If the value is enclosed in double quotes, and contains a comma, newline or double quote, then quotes are removed.

      Any double quote escaped characters (a pair of double quotes) are unescaped to just one double quote.

      If the value is not enclosed in double quotes, or is and does not contain a comma, newline or double quote, then the String value is returned unchanged.

      see Wikipedia and RFC 4180.
      Parameters:
      input - the input CSV column String, may be null
      Returns:
      quotes unescaped, null if null string input
      Since:
      2.4