001    /*
002     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003     * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004     * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005     * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006     * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007     * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008     *
009     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010     *
011     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015     * limitations under the License.
016     */
017    
018    package org.apache.commons.pool.impl;
019    
020    import java.util.ArrayList;
021    import java.util.Collection;
022    import java.util.Iterator;
023    import java.util.LinkedList;
024    import java.util.List;
025    import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
026    import java.util.TimerTask;
027    
028    import org.apache.commons.pool.BaseObjectPool;
029    import org.apache.commons.pool.ObjectPool;
030    import org.apache.commons.pool.PoolableObjectFactory;
031    import org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericKeyedObjectPool.ObjectTimestampPair;
032    
033    /**
034     * A configurable {@link ObjectPool} implementation.
035     * <p>
036     * When coupled with the appropriate {@link PoolableObjectFactory},
037     * <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> provides robust pooling functionality for
038     * arbitrary objects.
039     * <p>
040     * A <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> provides a number of configurable parameters:
041     * <ul>
042     *  <li>
043     *    {@link #setMaxActive <i>maxActive</i>} controls the maximum number of
044     *    objects that can be allocated by the pool (checked out to clients, or
045     *    idle awaiting checkout) at a given time.  When non-positive, there is no
046     *    limit to the number of objects that can be managed by the pool at one time.
047     *    When {@link #setMaxActive <i>maxActive</i>} is reached, the pool is said
048     *    to be exhausted. The default setting for this parameter is 8.
049     *  </li>
050     *  <li>
051     *    {@link #setMaxIdle <i>maxIdle</i>} controls the maximum number of objects
052     *    that can sit idle in the pool at any time.  When negative, there is no
053     *    limit to the number of objects that may be idle at one time. The default
054     *    setting for this parameter is 8.
055     *  </li>
056     *  <li>
057     *    {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction <i>whenExhaustedAction</i>} specifies the
058     *    behavior of the {@link #borrowObject} method when the pool is exhausted:
059     *    <ul>
060     *    <li>
061     *      When {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction <i>whenExhaustedAction</i>} is
062     *      {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL}, {@link #borrowObject} will throw
063     *      a {@link NoSuchElementException}
064     *    </li>
065     *    <li>
066     *      When {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction <i>whenExhaustedAction</i>} is
067     *      {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW}, {@link #borrowObject} will create a new
068     *      object and return it (essentially making {@link #setMaxActive <i>maxActive</i>}
069     *      meaningless.)
070     *    </li>
071     *    <li>
072     *      When {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction <i>whenExhaustedAction</i>}
073     *      is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}, {@link #borrowObject} will block
074     *      (invoke {@link Object#wait()}) until a new or idle object is available.
075     *      If a positive {@link #setMaxWait <i>maxWait</i>}
076     *      value is supplied, then {@link #borrowObject} will block for at
077     *      most that many milliseconds, after which a {@link NoSuchElementException}
078     *      will be thrown.  If {@link #setMaxWait <i>maxWait</i>} is non-positive,
079     *      the {@link #borrowObject} method will block indefinitely.
080     *    </li>
081     *    </ul>
082     *    The default <code>whenExhaustedAction</code> setting is
083     *    {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} and the default <code>maxWait</code>
084     *    setting is -1. By default, therefore, <code>borrowObject</code> will
085     *    block indefinitely until an idle instance becomes available.
086     *  </li>
087     *  <li>
088     *    When {@link #setTestOnBorrow <i>testOnBorrow</i>} is set, the pool will
089     *    attempt to validate each object before it is returned from the
090     *    {@link #borrowObject} method. (Using the provided factory's
091     *    {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject} method.)  Objects that fail
092     *    to validate will be dropped from the pool, and a different object will
093     *    be borrowed. The default setting for this parameter is
094     *    <code>false.</code>
095     *  </li>
096     *  <li>
097     *    When {@link #setTestOnReturn <i>testOnReturn</i>} is set, the pool will
098     *    attempt to validate each object before it is returned to the pool in the
099     *    {@link #returnObject} method. (Using the provided factory's
100     *    {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject}
101     *    method.)  Objects that fail to validate will be dropped from the pool.
102     *    The default setting for this parameter is <code>false.</code>
103     *  </li>
104     * </ul>
105     * <p>
106     * Optionally, one may configure the pool to examine and possibly evict objects
107     * as they sit idle in the pool and to ensure that a minimum number of idle
108     * objects are available. This is performed by an "idle object eviction"
109     * thread, which runs asynchronously. Caution should be used when configuring
110     * this optional feature. Eviction runs require an exclusive synchronization
111     * lock on the pool, so if they run too frequently and / or incur excessive
112     * latency when creating, destroying or validating object instances,
113     * performance issues may result.  The idle object eviction thread may be
114     * configured using the following attributes:
115     * <ul>
116     *  <li>
117     *   {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis <i>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</i>}
118     *   indicates how long the eviction thread should sleep before "runs" of examining
119     *   idle objects.  When non-positive, no eviction thread will be launched. The
120     *   default setting for this parameter is -1 (i.e., idle object eviction is
121     *   disabled by default).
122     *  </li>
123     *  <li>
124     *   {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis <i>minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</i>}
125     *   specifies the minimum amount of time that an object may sit idle in the pool
126     *   before it is eligible for eviction due to idle time.  When non-positive, no object
127     *   will be dropped from the pool due to idle time alone. This setting has no
128     *   effect unless <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0.</code> The default
129     *   setting for this parameter is 30 minutes.
130     *  </li>
131     *  <li>
132     *   {@link #setTestWhileIdle <i>testWhileIdle</i>} indicates whether or not idle
133     *   objects should be validated using the factory's
134     *   {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject} method. Objects that fail to
135     *   validate will be dropped from the pool. This setting has no effect unless
136     *   <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0.</code>  The default setting for
137     *   this parameter is <code>false.</code>
138     *  </li>
139     *  <li>
140     *   {@link #setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis <i>softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis</i>}
141     *   specifies the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
142     *   before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
143     *   (if any), with the extra condition that at least "minIdle" object instances
144     *   remain in the pool.  When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
145     *   due to idle time alone. This setting has no effect unless
146     *   <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0.</code> and it is superceded by
147     *   {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis <i>minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</i>}
148     *   (that is, if <code>minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</code> is positive, then
149     *   <code>softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis</code> is ignored). The default setting for
150     *   this parameter is -1 (disabled).
151     *  </li>
152     *  <li>
153     *   {@link #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun <i>numTestsPerEvictionRun</i>}
154     *   determines the number of objects examined in each run of the idle object
155     *   evictor. This setting has no effect unless
156     *   <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0.</code>  The default setting for
157     *   this parameter is 3.
158     *  </li>
159     * </ul>
160     * <p>
161     * <p>
162     * The pool can be configured to behave as a LIFO queue with respect to idle
163     * objects - always returning the most recently used object from the pool,
164     * or as a FIFO queue, where borrowObject always returns the oldest object
165     * in the idle object pool.
166     * <ul>
167     *  <li>
168     *   {@link #setLifo <i>lifo</i>}
169     *   determines whether or not the pool returns idle objects in
170     *   last-in-first-out order. The default setting for this parameter is
171     *   <code>true.</code>
172     *  </li>
173     * </ul>
174     * <p>
175     * GenericObjectPool is not usable without a {@link PoolableObjectFactory}.  A
176     * non-<code>null</code> factory must be provided either as a constructor argument
177     * or via a call to {@link #setFactory} before the pool is used.
178     * <p>
179     * Implementation note: To prevent possible deadlocks, care has been taken to
180     * ensure that no call to a factory method will occur within a synchronization
181     * block. See POOL-125 and DBCP-44 for more information.
182     *
183     * @see GenericKeyedObjectPool
184     * @author Rodney Waldhoff
185     * @author Dirk Verbeeck
186     * @author Sandy McArthur
187     * @version $Revision: 784441 $ $Date: 2009-06-13 13:42:28 -0400 (Sat, 13 Jun 2009) $
188     * @since Pool 1.0
189     */
190    public class GenericObjectPool extends BaseObjectPool implements ObjectPool {
191    
192        //--- public constants -------------------------------------------
193    
194        /**
195         * A "when exhausted action" type indicating that when the pool is
196         * exhausted (i.e., the maximum number of active objects has
197         * been reached), the {@link #borrowObject}
198         * method should fail, throwing a {@link NoSuchElementException}.
199         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
200         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
201         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
202         */
203        public static final byte WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL   = 0;
204    
205        /**
206         * A "when exhausted action" type indicating that when the pool
207         * is exhausted (i.e., the maximum number
208         * of active objects has been reached), the {@link #borrowObject}
209         * method should block until a new object is available, or the
210         * {@link #getMaxWait maximum wait time} has been reached.
211         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL
212         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
213         * @see #setMaxWait
214         * @see #getMaxWait
215         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
216         */
217        public static final byte WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK  = 1;
218    
219        /**
220         * A "when exhausted action" type indicating that when the pool is
221         * exhausted (i.e., the maximum number
222         * of active objects has been reached), the {@link #borrowObject}
223         * method should simply create a new object anyway.
224         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL
225         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
226         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
227         */
228        public static final byte WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW   = 2;
229    
230        /**
231         * The default cap on the number of "sleeping" instances in the pool.
232         * @see #getMaxIdle
233         * @see #setMaxIdle
234         */
235        public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE  = 8;
236    
237        /**
238         * The default minimum number of "sleeping" instances in the pool
239         * before before the evictor thread (if active) spawns new objects.
240         * @see #getMinIdle
241         * @see #setMinIdle
242         */
243        public static final int DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE = 0;
244    
245        /**
246         * The default cap on the total number of active instances from the pool.
247         * @see #getMaxActive
248         */
249        public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE  = 8;
250    
251        /**
252         * The default "when exhausted action" for the pool.
253         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
254         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL
255         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
256         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
257         */
258        public static final byte DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION = WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK;
259    
260        /**
261         * The default LIFO status. True means that borrowObject returns the
262         * most recently used ("last in") idle object in the pool (if there are
263         * idle instances available).  False means that the pool behaves as a FIFO
264         * queue - objects are taken from the idle object pool in the order that
265         * they are returned to the pool.
266         * @see #setLifo
267         * @since 1.4
268         */
269        public static final boolean DEFAULT_LIFO = true;
270    
271        /**
272         * The default maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) the
273         * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
274         * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
275         * {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction "when exhausted" action} is
276         * {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}.
277         * @see #getMaxWait
278         * @see #setMaxWait
279         */
280        public static final long DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT = -1L;
281    
282        /**
283         * The default "test on borrow" value.
284         * @see #getTestOnBorrow
285         * @see #setTestOnBorrow
286         */
287        public static final boolean DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW = false;
288    
289        /**
290         * The default "test on return" value.
291         * @see #getTestOnReturn
292         * @see #setTestOnReturn
293         */
294        public static final boolean DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN = false;
295    
296        /**
297         * The default "test while idle" value.
298         * @see #getTestWhileIdle
299         * @see #setTestWhileIdle
300         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
301         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
302         */
303        public static final boolean DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE = false;
304    
305        /**
306         * The default "time between eviction runs" value.
307         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
308         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
309         */
310        public static final long DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS = -1L;
311    
312        /**
313         * The default number of objects to examine per run in the
314         * idle object evictor.
315         * @see #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun
316         * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
317         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
318         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
319         */
320        public static final int DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN = 3;
321    
322        /**
323         * The default value for {@link #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis}.
324         * @see #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
325         * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
326         */
327        public static final long DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS = 1000L * 60L * 30L;
328    
329        /**
330         * The default value for {@link #getSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis}.
331         * @see #getSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
332         * @see #setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
333         */
334        public static final long DEFAULT_SOFT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS = -1;
335    
336        //--- constructors -----------------------------------------------
337    
338        /**
339         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> with default properties.
340         */
341        public GenericObjectPool() {
342            this(null, DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE, DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION, DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT, DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE,
343                    DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE, DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW, DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN, DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,
344                    DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN, DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS, DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
345        }
346    
347        /**
348         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified factory.
349         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
350         */
351        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory) {
352            this(factory, DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE, DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION, DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT, DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE,
353                    DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE, DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW, DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN, DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,
354                    DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN, DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS, DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
355        }
356    
357        /**
358         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
359         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
360         * @param config a non-<tt>null</tt> {@link GenericObjectPool.Config} describing my configuration
361         */
362        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, GenericObjectPool.Config config) {
363            this(factory, config.maxActive, config.whenExhaustedAction, config.maxWait, config.maxIdle, config.minIdle,
364                    config.testOnBorrow, config.testOnReturn, config.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis, 
365                    config.numTestsPerEvictionRun, config.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, config.testWhileIdle, 
366                    config.softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis, config.lifo);
367        }
368    
369        /**
370         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
371         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
372         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
373         */
374        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive) {
375            this(factory, maxActive, DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION, DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT, DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE, DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE,
376                    DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW, DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN, DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,
377                    DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN, DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS, DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
378        }
379    
380        /**
381         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
382         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
383         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
384         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction})
385         * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted an and
386         * <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #getMaxWait})
387         */
388        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait) {
389            this(factory, maxActive, whenExhaustedAction, maxWait, DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE, DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE, DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW,
390                    DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN, DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS, DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,
391                    DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS, DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
392        }
393    
394        /**
395         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
396         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
397         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
398         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction})
399         * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted an and
400         * <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #getMaxWait})
401         * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject} method
402         * (see {@link #getTestOnBorrow})
403         * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject} method
404         * (see {@link #getTestOnReturn})
405         */
406        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait,
407                boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn) {
408            this(factory, maxActive, whenExhaustedAction, maxWait, DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE, DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE, testOnBorrow,
409                    testOnReturn, DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS, DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,
410                    DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS, DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
411        }
412    
413        /**
414         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
415         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
416         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
417         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction})
418         * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted and 
419         * <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #getMaxWait})
420         * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #getMaxIdle})
421         */
422        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait, int maxIdle) {
423            this(factory, maxActive, whenExhaustedAction, maxWait, maxIdle, DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE, DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW,
424                    DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN, DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS, DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,
425                    DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS, DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
426        }
427    
428        /**
429         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
430         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
431         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
432         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction})
433         * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted and
434         * <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #getMaxWait})
435         * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #getMaxIdle})
436         * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject} method
437         * (see {@link #getTestOnBorrow})
438         * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject} method
439         * (see {@link #getTestOnReturn})
440         */
441        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait,
442                int maxIdle, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn) {
443            this(factory, maxActive, whenExhaustedAction, maxWait, maxIdle, DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE, testOnBorrow, testOnReturn,
444                    DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS, DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,
445                    DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS, DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
446        }
447    
448        /**
449         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
450         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
451         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
452         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction})
453         * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted and 
454         * <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #setMaxWait})
455         * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMaxIdle})
456         * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
457         * method (see {@link #setTestOnBorrow})
458         * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject} method
459         * (see {@link #setTestOnReturn})
460         * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis the amount of time (in milliseconds) to sleep between examining idle objects
461         * for eviction (see {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis})
462         * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun the number of idle objects to examine per run within the idle object eviction thread
463         * (if any) (see {@link #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun})
464         * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis the minimum number of milliseconds an object can sit idle in the pool before it
465         * is eligible for eviction (see {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis})
466         * @param testWhileIdle whether or not to validate objects in the idle object eviction thread, if any
467         * (see {@link #setTestWhileIdle})
468         */
469        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait,
470                int maxIdle, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn, long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis,
471                int numTestsPerEvictionRun, long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, boolean testWhileIdle) {
472            this(factory, maxActive, whenExhaustedAction, maxWait, maxIdle, DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE, testOnBorrow, testOnReturn,
473                    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis, numTestsPerEvictionRun, minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, testWhileIdle);
474        }
475    
476        /**
477         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
478         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
479         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
480         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction})
481         * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted and
482         *  <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #setMaxWait})
483         * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMaxIdle})
484         * @param minIdle the minimum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMinIdle})
485         * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject} method
486         * (see {@link #setTestOnBorrow})
487         * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject} method
488         * (see {@link #setTestOnReturn})
489         * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis the amount of time (in milliseconds) to sleep between examining idle objects
490         * for eviction (see {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis})
491         * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun the number of idle objects to examine per run within the idle object eviction thread
492         * (if any) (see {@link #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun})
493         * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis the minimum number of milliseconds an object can sit idle in the pool before
494         * it is eligible for eviction (see {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis})
495         * @param testWhileIdle whether or not to validate objects in the idle object eviction thread, if any
496         *  (see {@link #setTestWhileIdle})
497         */
498        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait,
499                int maxIdle, int minIdle, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn, long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis,
500                int numTestsPerEvictionRun, long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, boolean testWhileIdle) {
501            this(factory, maxActive, whenExhaustedAction, maxWait, maxIdle, minIdle, testOnBorrow, testOnReturn,
502                    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis, numTestsPerEvictionRun, minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, testWhileIdle,
503                    DEFAULT_SOFT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS);
504        }
505    
506        /**
507         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
508         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
509         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
510         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction})
511         * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted and
512         * <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #setMaxWait})
513         * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMaxIdle})
514         * @param minIdle the minimum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMinIdle})
515         * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
516         * method (see {@link #setTestOnBorrow})
517         * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject}
518         * method (see {@link #setTestOnReturn})
519         * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis the amount of time (in milliseconds) to sleep between examining idle objects
520         * for eviction (see {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis})
521         * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun the number of idle objects to examine per run within the idle object eviction thread
522         * (if any) (see {@link #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun})
523         * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis the minimum number of milliseconds an object can sit idle in the pool before
524         * it is eligible for eviction (see {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis})
525         * @param testWhileIdle whether or not to validate objects in the idle object eviction thread, if any
526         * (see {@link #setTestWhileIdle})
527         * @param softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis the minimum number of milliseconds an object can sit idle in the pool before it is
528         * eligible for eviction with the extra condition that at least "minIdle" amount of object remain in the pool.
529         * (see {@link #setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis})
530         * @since Pool 1.3
531         */
532        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait,
533                int maxIdle, int minIdle, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn, long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis,
534                int numTestsPerEvictionRun, long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, boolean testWhileIdle,
535                long softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
536            this(factory, maxActive, whenExhaustedAction, maxWait, maxIdle, minIdle, testOnBorrow, testOnReturn,
537                    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis, numTestsPerEvictionRun, minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, testWhileIdle,
538                    softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis, DEFAULT_LIFO);
539        }
540    
541        /**
542         * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
543         * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
544         * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
545         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction})
546         * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted and
547         * <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #setMaxWait})
548         * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMaxIdle})
549         * @param minIdle the minimum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMinIdle})
550         * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
551         * method (see {@link #setTestOnBorrow})
552         * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject}
553         * method (see {@link #setTestOnReturn})
554         * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis the amount of time (in milliseconds) to sleep between examining idle
555         * objects for eviction (see {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis})
556         * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun the number of idle objects to examine per run within the idle object eviction
557         * thread (if any) (see {@link #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun})
558         * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis the minimum number of milliseconds an object can sit idle in the pool before
559         * it is eligible for eviction (see {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis})
560         * @param testWhileIdle whether or not to validate objects in the idle object eviction thread, if any
561         * (see {@link #setTestWhileIdle})
562         * @param softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis the minimum number of milliseconds an object can sit idle in the
563         * pool before it is eligible for eviction with the extra condition that at least "minIdle" amount of object
564         * remain in the pool. (see {@link #setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis})
565         * @param lifo whether or not objects are returned in last-in-first-out order from the idle object pool
566         * (see {@link #setLifo})
567         * @since Pool 1.4
568         */
569        public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait,
570                int maxIdle, int minIdle, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn, long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis,
571                int numTestsPerEvictionRun, long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, boolean testWhileIdle,
572                long softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis, boolean lifo) {
573            _factory = factory;
574            _maxActive = maxActive;
575            _lifo = lifo;
576            switch(whenExhaustedAction) {
577                case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK:
578                case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL:
579                case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW:
580                    _whenExhaustedAction = whenExhaustedAction;
581                    break;
582                default:
583                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("whenExhaustedAction " + whenExhaustedAction + " not recognized.");
584            }
585            _maxWait = maxWait;
586            _maxIdle = maxIdle;
587            _minIdle = minIdle;
588            _testOnBorrow = testOnBorrow;
589            _testOnReturn = testOnReturn;
590            _timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
591            _numTestsPerEvictionRun = numTestsPerEvictionRun;
592            _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
593            _softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis = softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
594            _testWhileIdle = testWhileIdle;
595    
596            _pool = new CursorableLinkedList();
597            startEvictor(_timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
598        }
599    
600        //--- public methods ---------------------------------------------
601    
602        //--- configuration methods --------------------------------------
603    
604        /**
605         * Returns the maximum number of objects that can be allocated by the pool
606         * (checked out to clients, or idle awaiting checkout) at a given time.
607         * When non-positive, there is no limit to the number of objects that can
608         * be managed by the pool at one time.
609         *
610         * @return the cap on the total number of object instances managed by the pool.
611         * @see #setMaxActive
612         */
613        public synchronized int getMaxActive() {
614            return _maxActive;
615        }
616    
617        /**
618         * Sets the cap on the number of objects that can be allocated by the pool
619         * (checked out to clients, or idle awaiting checkout) at a given time. Use
620         * a negative value for no limit.
621         *
622         * @param maxActive The cap on the total number of object instances managed by the pool.
623         * Negative values mean that there is no limit to the number of objects allocated
624         * by the pool.
625         * @see #getMaxActive
626         */
627        public synchronized void setMaxActive(int maxActive) {
628            _maxActive = maxActive;
629            allocate();
630        }
631    
632        /**
633         * Returns the action to take when the {@link #borrowObject} method
634         * is invoked when the pool is exhausted (the maximum number
635         * of "active" objects has been reached).
636         *
637         * @return one of {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}, {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL} or {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW}
638         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
639         */
640        public synchronized byte getWhenExhaustedAction() {
641            return _whenExhaustedAction;
642        }
643    
644        /**
645         * Sets the action to take when the {@link #borrowObject} method
646         * is invoked when the pool is exhausted (the maximum number
647         * of "active" objects has been reached).
648         *
649         * @param whenExhaustedAction the action code, which must be one of
650         *        {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}, {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL},
651         *        or {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW}
652         * @see #getWhenExhaustedAction
653         */
654        public synchronized void setWhenExhaustedAction(byte whenExhaustedAction) {
655            switch(whenExhaustedAction) {
656                case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK:
657                case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL:
658                case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW:
659                    _whenExhaustedAction = whenExhaustedAction;
660                    allocate();
661                    break;
662                default:
663                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("whenExhaustedAction " + whenExhaustedAction + " not recognized.");
664            }
665        }
666    
667    
668        /**
669         * Returns the maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) the
670         * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
671         * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
672         * {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction "when exhausted" action} is
673         * {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}.
674         *
675         * When less than or equal to 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
676         * may block indefinitely.
677         *
678         * @return maximum number of milliseconds to block when borrowing an object.
679         * @see #setMaxWait
680         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
681         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
682         */
683        public synchronized long getMaxWait() {
684            return _maxWait;
685        }
686    
687        /**
688         * Sets the maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) the
689         * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
690         * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
691         * {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction "when exhausted" action} is
692         * {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}.
693         *
694         * When less than or equal to 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
695         * may block indefinitely.
696         *
697         * @param maxWait maximum number of milliseconds to block when borrowing an object.
698         * @see #getMaxWait
699         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
700         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
701         */
702        public synchronized void setMaxWait(long maxWait) {
703            _maxWait = maxWait;
704            allocate();
705        }
706    
707        /**
708         * Returns the cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
709         * @return the cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
710         * @see #setMaxIdle
711         */
712        public synchronized int getMaxIdle() {
713            return _maxIdle;
714        }
715    
716        /**
717         * Sets the cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
718         * If maxIdle is set too low on heavily loaded systems it is possible you
719         * will see objects being destroyed and almost immediately new objects
720         * being created. This is a result of the active threads momentarily
721         * returning objects faster than they are requesting them them, causing the
722         * number of idle objects to rise above maxIdle. The best value for maxIdle
723         * for heavily loaded system will vary but the default is a good starting
724         * point.
725         * @param maxIdle The cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
726         * Use a negative value to indicate an unlimited number of idle instances.
727         * @see #getMaxIdle
728         */
729        public synchronized void setMaxIdle(int maxIdle) {
730            _maxIdle = maxIdle;
731            allocate();
732        }
733    
734        /**
735         * Sets the minimum number of objects allowed in the pool
736         * before the evictor thread (if active) spawns new objects.
737         * Note that no objects are created when
738         * <code>numActive + numIdle >= maxActive.</code>
739         * This setting has no effect if the idle object evictor is disabled
740         * (i.e. if <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis <= 0</code>).
741         *
742         * @param minIdle The minimum number of objects.
743         * @see #getMinIdle
744         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis()
745         */
746        public synchronized void setMinIdle(int minIdle) {
747            _minIdle = minIdle;
748            allocate();
749        }
750    
751        /**
752         * Returns the minimum number of objects allowed in the pool
753         * before the evictor thread (if active) spawns new objects.
754         * (Note no objects are created when: numActive + numIdle >= maxActive)
755         *
756         * @return The minimum number of objects.
757         * @see #setMinIdle
758         */
759        public synchronized int getMinIdle() {
760            return _minIdle;
761        }
762    
763        /**
764         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
765         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
766         * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
767         * method.  If the object fails to validate,
768         * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
769         * to borrow another.
770         *
771         * @return <code>true</code> if objects are validated before being borrowed.
772         * @see #setTestOnBorrow
773         */
774        public boolean getTestOnBorrow() {
775            return _testOnBorrow;
776        }
777    
778        /**
779         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
780         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
781         * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
782         * method.  If the object fails to validate,
783         * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
784         * to borrow another.
785         *
786         * @param testOnBorrow <code>true</code> if objects should be validated before being borrowed.
787         * @see #getTestOnBorrow
788         */
789        public void setTestOnBorrow(boolean testOnBorrow) {
790            _testOnBorrow = testOnBorrow;
791        }
792    
793        /**
794         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
795         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
796         * before being returned to the pool within the
797         * {@link #returnObject}.
798         *
799         * @return <code>true</code> when objects will be validated after returned to {@link #returnObject}.
800         * @see #setTestOnReturn
801         */
802        public boolean getTestOnReturn() {
803            return _testOnReturn;
804        }
805    
806        /**
807         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
808         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
809         * before being returned to the pool within the
810         * {@link #returnObject}.
811         *
812         * @param testOnReturn <code>true</code> so objects will be validated after returned to {@link #returnObject}.
813         * @see #getTestOnReturn
814         */
815        public void setTestOnReturn(boolean testOnReturn) {
816            _testOnReturn = testOnReturn;
817        }
818    
819        /**
820         * Returns the number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
821         * idle object evictor thread.
822         * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
823         * run.
824         *
825         * @return number of milliseconds to sleep between evictor runs.
826         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
827         */
828        public synchronized long getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis() {
829            return _timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
830        }
831    
832        /**
833         * Sets the number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
834         * idle object evictor thread.
835         * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
836         * run.
837         *
838         * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis number of milliseconds to sleep between evictor runs.
839         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
840         */
841        public synchronized void setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis) {
842            _timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
843            startEvictor(_timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
844        }
845    
846        /**
847         * Returns the max number of objects to examine during each run of the
848         * idle object evictor thread (if any).
849         *
850         * @return max number of objects to examine during each evictor run.
851         * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
852         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
853         */
854        public synchronized int getNumTestsPerEvictionRun() {
855            return _numTestsPerEvictionRun;
856        }
857    
858        /**
859         * Sets the max number of objects to examine during each run of the
860         * idle object evictor thread (if any).
861         * <p>
862         * When a negative value is supplied, <tt>ceil({@link #getNumIdle})/abs({@link #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun})</tt>
863         * tests will be run.  That is, when the value is <i>-n</i>, roughly one <i>n</i>th of the
864         * idle objects will be tested per run.
865         *
866         * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun max number of objects to examine during each evictor run.
867         * @see #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun
868         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
869         */
870        public synchronized void setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(int numTestsPerEvictionRun) {
871            _numTestsPerEvictionRun = numTestsPerEvictionRun;
872        }
873    
874        /**
875         * Returns the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
876         * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
877         * (if any).
878         *
879         * @return minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction.
880         * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
881         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
882         */
883        public synchronized long getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() {
884            return _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
885        }
886    
887        /**
888         * Sets the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
889         * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
890         * (if any).
891         * When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
892         * due to idle time alone.
893         * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool before
894         * it is eligible for eviction.
895         * @see #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
896         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
897         */
898        public synchronized void setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
899            _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
900        }
901    
902        /**
903         * Returns the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
904         * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
905         * (if any), with the extra condition that at least
906         * "minIdle" amount of object remain in the pool.
907         *
908         * @return minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction.
909         * @since Pool 1.3
910         * @see #setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
911         */
912        public synchronized long getSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() {
913            return _softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
914        }
915    
916        /**
917         * Sets the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
918         * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
919         * (if any), with the extra condition that at least
920         * "minIdle" object instances remain in the pool.
921         * When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
922         * due to idle time alone.
923         *
924         * @param softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool before
925         * it is eligible for eviction.
926         * @since Pool 1.3
927         * @see #getSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
928         */
929        public synchronized void setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(long softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
930            _softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis = softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
931        }
932    
933        /**
934         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
935         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
936         * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
937         * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
938         *
939         * @return <code>true</code> when objects will be validated by the evictor.
940         * @see #setTestWhileIdle
941         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
942         */
943        public synchronized boolean getTestWhileIdle() {
944            return _testWhileIdle;
945        }
946    
947        /**
948         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
949         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
950         * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
951         * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
952         *
953         * @param testWhileIdle <code>true</code> so objects will be validated by the evictor.
954         * @see #getTestWhileIdle
955         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
956         */
957        public synchronized void setTestWhileIdle(boolean testWhileIdle) {
958            _testWhileIdle = testWhileIdle;
959        }
960    
961        /**
962         * Whether or not the idle object pool acts as a LIFO queue. True means
963         * that borrowObject returns the most recently used ("last in") idle object
964         * in the pool (if there are idle instances available).  False means that
965         * the pool behaves as a FIFO queue - objects are taken from the idle object
966         * pool in the order that they are returned to the pool.
967         *
968         * @return <code>true</true> if the pool is configured to act as a LIFO queue
969         * @since 1.4
970         */
971         public synchronized boolean getLifo() {
972             return _lifo;
973         }
974    
975         /**
976          * Sets the LIFO property of the pool. True means that borrowObject returns
977          * the most recently used ("last in") idle object in the pool (if there are
978          * idle instances available).  False means that the pool behaves as a FIFO
979          * queue - objects are taken from the idle object pool in the order that
980          * they are returned to the pool.
981          *
982          * @param lifo the new value for the LIFO property
983          * @since 1.4
984          */
985         public synchronized void setLifo(boolean lifo) {
986             this._lifo = lifo;
987         }
988    
989        /**
990         * Sets my configuration.
991         *
992         * @param conf configuration to use.
993         * @see GenericObjectPool.Config
994         */
995        public synchronized void setConfig(GenericObjectPool.Config conf) {
996            setMaxIdle(conf.maxIdle);
997            setMinIdle(conf.minIdle);
998            setMaxActive(conf.maxActive);
999            setMaxWait(conf.maxWait);
1000            setWhenExhaustedAction(conf.whenExhaustedAction);
1001            setTestOnBorrow(conf.testOnBorrow);
1002            setTestOnReturn(conf.testOnReturn);
1003            setTestWhileIdle(conf.testWhileIdle);
1004            setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(conf.numTestsPerEvictionRun);
1005            setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(conf.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
1006            setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(conf.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
1007            setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(conf.softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
1008            setLifo(conf.lifo);
1009            allocate();
1010        }
1011    
1012        //-- ObjectPool methods ------------------------------------------
1013    
1014        /**
1015         * <p>Borrows an object from the pool.</p>
1016         * 
1017         * <p>If there is an idle instance available in the pool, then either the most-recently returned
1018         * (if {@link #getLifo() lifo} == true) or "oldest" (lifo == false) instance sitting idle in the pool
1019         * will be activated and returned.  If activation fails, or {@link #getTestOnBorrow() testOnBorrow} is set
1020         * to true and validation fails, the instance is destroyed and the next available instance is examined.
1021         * This continues until either a valid instance is returned or there are no more idle instances available.</p>
1022         * 
1023         * <p>If there are no idle instances available in the pool, behavior depends on the {@link #getMaxActive() maxActive}
1024         * and (if applicable) {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction() whenExhaustedAction} and {@link #getMaxWait() maxWait}
1025         * properties. If the number of instances checked out from the pool is less than <code>maxActive,</code> a new
1026         * instance is created, activated and (if applicable) validated and returned to the caller.</p>
1027         * 
1028         * <p>If the pool is exhausted (no available idle instances and no capacity to create new ones),
1029         * this method will either block ({@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}), throw a <code>NoSuchElementException</code>
1030         * ({@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL}), or grow ({@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW} - ignoring maxActive).
1031         * The length of time that this method will block when <code>whenExhaustedAction == WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK</code>
1032         * is determined by the {@link #getMaxWait() maxWait} property.</p>
1033         * 
1034         * <p>When the pool is exhausted, multiple calling threads may be simultaneously blocked waiting for instances
1035         * to become available.  As of pool 1.5, a "fairness" algorithm has been implemented to ensure that threads receive
1036         * available instances in request arrival order.</p>
1037         * 
1038         * @return object instance
1039         * @throws NoSuchElementException if an instance cannot be returned
1040         */
1041        public Object borrowObject() throws Exception {
1042            long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
1043            Latch latch = new Latch();
1044            byte whenExhaustedAction;
1045            long maxWait;
1046            synchronized (this) {
1047                // Get local copy of current config. Can't sync when used later as
1048                // it can result in a deadlock. Has the added advantage that config
1049                // is consistent for entire method execution
1050                whenExhaustedAction = _whenExhaustedAction;
1051                maxWait = _maxWait;
1052    
1053                // Add this request to the queue
1054                _allocationQueue.add(latch);
1055    
1056                // Work the allocation queue, allocating idle instances and
1057                // instance creation permits in request arrival order
1058                allocate();
1059            }
1060    
1061            for(;;) {
1062                synchronized (this) {
1063                    assertOpen();
1064                }
1065    
1066                // If no object was allocated from the pool above
1067                if(latch.getPair() == null) {
1068                    // check if we were allowed to create one
1069                    if(latch.mayCreate()) {
1070                        // allow new object to be created
1071                    } else {
1072                        // the pool is exhausted
1073                        switch(whenExhaustedAction) {
1074                            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW:
1075                                // allow new object to be created
1076                                synchronized (this) {
1077                                    // Make sure allocate hasn't already assigned an object
1078                                    // in a different thread
1079                                    if (latch.getPair() == null) {
1080                                        _allocationQueue.remove(latch);
1081                                        _numInternalProcessing++;
1082                                    }
1083                                }
1084                                break;
1085                            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL:
1086                                synchronized (this) {
1087                                    // Make sure allocate hasn't already assigned an object
1088                                    // in a different thread
1089                                    if (latch.getPair() != null) {
1090                                        break;
1091                                    }
1092                                    _allocationQueue.remove(latch);
1093                                }
1094                                throw new NoSuchElementException("Pool exhausted");
1095                            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK:
1096                                try {
1097                                    synchronized (latch) {
1098                                        if(maxWait <= 0) {
1099                                            latch.wait();
1100                                        } else {
1101                                            // this code may be executed again after a notify then continue cycle
1102                                            // so, need to calculate the amount of time to wait
1103                                            final long elapsed = (System.currentTimeMillis() - starttime);
1104                                            final long waitTime = maxWait - elapsed;
1105                                            if (waitTime > 0)
1106                                            {
1107                                                latch.wait(waitTime);
1108                                            }
1109                                        }
1110                                    }
1111                                } catch(InterruptedException e) {
1112                                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
1113                                    throw e;
1114                                }
1115                                if(maxWait > 0 && ((System.currentTimeMillis() - starttime) >= maxWait)) {
1116                                    synchronized(this) {
1117                                        // Make sure allocate hasn't already assigned an object
1118                                        // in a different thread
1119                                        if (latch.getPair() == null) {
1120                                            // Remove latch from the allocation queue
1121                                            _allocationQueue.remove(latch);
1122                                        } else {
1123                                            break;
1124                                        }
1125                                    }
1126                                    throw new NoSuchElementException("Timeout waiting for idle object");
1127                                } else {
1128                                    continue; // keep looping
1129                                }
1130                            default:
1131                                throw new IllegalArgumentException("WhenExhaustedAction property " + whenExhaustedAction +
1132                                        " not recognized.");
1133                        }
1134                    }
1135                }
1136    
1137                boolean newlyCreated = false;
1138                if(null == latch.getPair()) {
1139                    try {
1140                        Object obj = _factory.makeObject();
1141                        latch.setPair(new ObjectTimestampPair(obj));
1142                        newlyCreated = true;
1143                    } finally {
1144                        if (!newlyCreated) {
1145                            // object cannot be created
1146                            synchronized (this) {
1147                                _numInternalProcessing--;
1148                                // No need to reset latch - about to throw exception
1149                                allocate();
1150                            }
1151                        }
1152                    }
1153                }
1154                // activate & validate the object
1155                try {
1156                    _factory.activateObject(latch.getPair().value);
1157                    if(_testOnBorrow &&
1158                            !_factory.validateObject(latch.getPair().value)) {
1159                        throw new Exception("ValidateObject failed");
1160                    }
1161                    synchronized(this) {
1162                        _numInternalProcessing--;
1163                        _numActive++;
1164                    }
1165                    return latch.getPair().value;
1166                }
1167                catch (Throwable e) {
1168                    // object cannot be activated or is invalid
1169                    try {
1170                        _factory.destroyObject(latch.getPair().value);
1171                    } catch (Throwable e2) {
1172                        // cannot destroy broken object
1173                    }
1174                    synchronized (this) {
1175                        _numInternalProcessing--;
1176                        latch.reset();
1177                        _allocationQueue.add(0, latch);
1178                        allocate();
1179                    }
1180                    if(newlyCreated) {
1181                        throw new NoSuchElementException("Could not create a validated object, cause: " + e.getMessage());
1182                    }
1183                    else {
1184                        continue; // keep looping
1185                    }
1186                }
1187            }
1188        }
1189    
1190        /**
1191         * Allocate available instances to latches in the allocation queue.  Then
1192         * set _mayCreate to true for as many additional latches remaining in queue
1193         * as _maxActive allows.
1194         */
1195        private synchronized void allocate() {
1196            if (isClosed()) return;
1197    
1198            // First use any objects in the pool to clear the queue
1199            for (;;) {
1200                if (!_pool.isEmpty() && !_allocationQueue.isEmpty()) {
1201                    Latch latch = (Latch) _allocationQueue.removeFirst();
1202                    latch.setPair((ObjectTimestampPair) _pool.removeFirst());
1203                    _numInternalProcessing++;
1204                    synchronized (latch) {
1205                        latch.notify();
1206                    }
1207                } else {
1208                    break;
1209                }
1210            }
1211    
1212            // Second utilise any spare capacity to create new objects
1213            for(;;) {
1214                if((!_allocationQueue.isEmpty()) && (_maxActive < 0 || (_numActive + _numInternalProcessing) < _maxActive)) {
1215                    Latch latch = (Latch) _allocationQueue.removeFirst();
1216                    latch.setMayCreate(true);
1217                    _numInternalProcessing++;
1218                    synchronized (latch) {
1219                        latch.notify();
1220                    }
1221                } else {
1222                    break;
1223                }
1224            }
1225        }
1226    
1227        /**
1228         * <p>Invalidates the given object instance.  Decrements the active count
1229         * and destroys the instance.</p>
1230         * 
1231         * @param obj instance to invalidate
1232         * @throws Exception if an exception occurs destroying the object
1233         */
1234        public void invalidateObject(Object obj) throws Exception {
1235            try {
1236                if (_factory != null) {
1237                    _factory.destroyObject(obj);
1238                }
1239            } finally {
1240                synchronized (this) {
1241                    _numActive--;
1242                    allocate();
1243                }
1244            }
1245        }
1246    
1247        /**
1248         * Clears any objects sitting idle in the pool.
1249         */
1250        public void clear() {
1251            List toDestroy = new ArrayList();
1252    
1253            synchronized(this) {
1254                toDestroy.addAll(_pool);
1255                _numInternalProcessing = _numInternalProcessing + _pool._size;
1256                _pool.clear();
1257            }
1258            destroy(toDestroy);
1259        }
1260    
1261        /**
1262         * Private method to destroy all the objects in a collection. Assumes
1263         * objects in the collection are instances of ObjectTimestampPair
1264         * 
1265         * @param c Collection of objects to destroy
1266         */
1267        private void destroy(Collection c) {
1268            for (Iterator it = c.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
1269                try {
1270                    _factory.destroyObject(((ObjectTimestampPair)(it.next())).value);
1271                } catch(Exception e) {
1272                    // ignore error, keep destroying the rest
1273                } finally {
1274                    synchronized(this) {
1275                        _numInternalProcessing--;
1276                        allocate();
1277                    }
1278                }
1279            }
1280        }
1281    
1282        /**
1283         * Return the number of instances currently borrowed from this pool.
1284         *
1285         * @return the number of instances currently borrowed from this pool
1286         */
1287        public synchronized int getNumActive() {
1288            return _numActive;
1289        }
1290    
1291        /**
1292         * Return the number of instances currently idle in this pool.
1293         *
1294         * @return the number of instances currently idle in this pool
1295         */
1296        public synchronized int getNumIdle() {
1297            return _pool.size();
1298        }
1299    
1300        /**
1301         * <p>Returns an object instance to the pool.</p>
1302         * 
1303         * <p>If {@link #getMaxIdle() maxIdle} is set to a positive value and the number of idle instances
1304         * has reached this value, the returning instance is destroyed.</p>
1305         * 
1306         * <p>If {@link #getTestOnReturn() testOnReturn} == true, the returning instance is validated before being returned
1307         * to the idle instance pool.  In this case, if validation fails, the instance is destroyed.</p>
1308         * 
1309         * <p><strong>Note: </strong> There is no guard to prevent an object
1310         * being returned to the pool multiple times. Clients are expected to
1311         * discard references to returned objects and ensure that an object is not
1312         * returned to the pool multiple times in sequence (i.e., without being
1313         * borrowed again between returns). Violating this contract will result in
1314         * the same object appearing multiple times in the pool and pool counters
1315         * (numActive, numIdle) returning incorrect values.</p>
1316         * 
1317         * @param obj instance to return to the pool
1318         */
1319        public void returnObject(Object obj) throws Exception {
1320            try {
1321                addObjectToPool(obj, true);
1322            } catch (Exception e) {
1323                if (_factory != null) {
1324                    try {
1325                        _factory.destroyObject(obj);
1326                    } catch (Exception e2) {
1327                        // swallowed
1328                    }
1329                    // TODO: Correctness here depends on control in addObjectToPool.
1330                    // These two methods should be refactored, removing the
1331                    // "behavior flag", decrementNumActive, from addObjectToPool.
1332                    synchronized(this) {
1333                        _numActive--;
1334                        allocate();
1335                    }
1336                }
1337            }
1338        }
1339    
1340        /**
1341         * <p>Adds an object to the pool.</p>
1342         * 
1343         * <p>Validates the object if testOnReturn == true and passivates it before returning it to the pool.
1344         * if validation or passivation fails, or maxIdle is set and there is no room in the pool, the instance
1345         * is destroyed.</p>
1346         * 
1347         * <p>Calls {@link #allocate()} on successful completion</p>
1348         * 
1349         * @param obj instance to add to the pool
1350         * @param decrementNumActive whether or not to decrement the active count
1351         * @throws Exception
1352         */
1353        private void addObjectToPool(Object obj, boolean decrementNumActive) throws Exception {
1354            boolean success = true;
1355            if(_testOnReturn && !(_factory.validateObject(obj))) {
1356                success = false;
1357            } else {
1358                _factory.passivateObject(obj);
1359            }
1360    
1361            boolean shouldDestroy = !success;
1362    
1363            // Add instance to pool if there is room and it has passed validation
1364            // (if testOnreturn is set)
1365            synchronized (this) {
1366                if (isClosed()) {
1367                    shouldDestroy = true;
1368                } else {
1369                    if((_maxIdle >= 0) && (_pool.size() >= _maxIdle)) {
1370                        shouldDestroy = true;
1371                    } else if(success) {
1372                        // borrowObject always takes the first element from the queue,
1373                        // so for LIFO, push on top, FIFO add to end
1374                        if (_lifo) {
1375                            _pool.addFirst(new ObjectTimestampPair(obj));
1376                        } else {
1377                            _pool.addLast(new ObjectTimestampPair(obj));
1378                        }
1379                        if (decrementNumActive) {
1380                            _numActive--;
1381                        }
1382                        allocate();
1383                    }
1384                }
1385            }
1386    
1387            // Destroy the instance if necessary
1388            if(shouldDestroy) {
1389                try {
1390                    _factory.destroyObject(obj);
1391                } catch(Exception e) {
1392                    // ignored
1393                }
1394                // Decrement active count *after* destroy if applicable
1395                if (decrementNumActive) {
1396                    synchronized(this) {
1397                        _numActive--;
1398                        allocate();
1399                    }
1400                }
1401            }
1402    
1403        }
1404    
1405        /**
1406         * Closes the pool.  Once the pool is closed, {@link #borrowObject()}
1407         * will fail with IllegalStateException, but {@link #returnObject(Object)} and
1408         * {@link #invalidateObject(Object)} will continue to work. This method does not
1409         * {@link #clear()} the pool. The method is idempotent - that is, it is OK to call it on a closed
1410         * pool. 
1411         * 
1412         * @throws Exception
1413         */
1414        public void close() throws Exception {
1415            super.close();
1416            synchronized (this) {
1417                clear();
1418                startEvictor(-1L);
1419            }
1420        }
1421    
1422        /**
1423         * Sets the {@link PoolableObjectFactory factory} this pool uses
1424         * to create new instances. Trying to change
1425         * the <code>factory</code> while there are borrowed objects will
1426         * throw an {@link IllegalStateException}.
1427         *
1428         * @param factory the {@link PoolableObjectFactory} used to create new instances.
1429         * @throws IllegalStateException when the factory cannot be set at this time
1430         */
1431        public void setFactory(PoolableObjectFactory factory) throws IllegalStateException {
1432            List toDestroy = new ArrayList();
1433            synchronized (this) {
1434                assertOpen();
1435                if(0 < getNumActive()) {
1436                    throw new IllegalStateException("Objects are already active");
1437                } else {
1438                    toDestroy.addAll(_pool);
1439                    _numInternalProcessing = _numInternalProcessing + _pool._size;
1440                    _pool.clear();
1441                }
1442                _factory = factory;
1443            }
1444            destroy(toDestroy);
1445        }
1446    
1447        /**
1448         * <p>Perform <code>numTests</code> idle object eviction tests, evicting
1449         * examined objects that meet the criteria for eviction. If
1450         * <code>testWhileIdle</code> is true, examined objects are validated
1451         * when visited (and removed if invalid); otherwise only objects that
1452         * have been idle for more than <code>minEvicableIdletimeMillis</code>
1453         * are removed.</p>
1454         *
1455         * <p>Successive activations of this method examine objects in
1456         * in sequence, cycling through objects in oldest-to-youngest order.</p>
1457         *
1458         * @throws Exception if the pool is closed or eviction fails.
1459         */
1460        public void evict() throws Exception {
1461            assertOpen();
1462            synchronized (this) {
1463                if(_pool.isEmpty()) {
1464                    return;
1465                }
1466                if (null == _evictionCursor) {
1467                    _evictionCursor = (_pool.cursor(_lifo ? _pool.size() : 0));
1468                }
1469            }
1470    
1471            for (int i=0,m=getNumTests();i<m;i++) {
1472                final ObjectTimestampPair pair;
1473                synchronized (this) {
1474                    if ((_lifo && !_evictionCursor.hasPrevious()) ||
1475                            !_lifo && !_evictionCursor.hasNext()) {
1476                        _evictionCursor.close();
1477                        _evictionCursor = _pool.cursor(_lifo ? _pool.size() : 0);
1478                    }
1479    
1480                    pair = _lifo ?
1481                            (ObjectTimestampPair) _evictionCursor.previous() :
1482                            (ObjectTimestampPair) _evictionCursor.next();
1483    
1484                    _evictionCursor.remove();
1485                    _numInternalProcessing++;
1486                }
1487    
1488                boolean removeObject = false;
1489                final long idleTimeMilis = System.currentTimeMillis() - pair.tstamp;
1490                if ((getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() > 0) &&
1491                        (idleTimeMilis > getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis())) {
1492                    removeObject = true;
1493                } else if ((getSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() > 0) &&
1494                        (idleTimeMilis > getSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis()) &&
1495                        ((getNumIdle() + 1)> getMinIdle())) { // +1 accounts for object we are processing
1496                    removeObject = true;
1497                }
1498                if(getTestWhileIdle() && !removeObject) {
1499                    boolean active = false;
1500                    try {
1501                        _factory.activateObject(pair.value);
1502                        active = true;
1503                    } catch(Exception e) {
1504                        removeObject=true;
1505                    }
1506                    if(active) {
1507                        if(!_factory.validateObject(pair.value)) {
1508                            removeObject=true;
1509                        } else {
1510                            try {
1511                                _factory.passivateObject(pair.value);
1512                            } catch(Exception e) {
1513                                removeObject=true;
1514                            }
1515                        }
1516                    }
1517                }
1518    
1519                if (removeObject) {
1520                    try {
1521                        _factory.destroyObject(pair.value);
1522                    } catch(Exception e) {
1523                        // ignored
1524                    }
1525                }
1526                synchronized (this) {
1527                    if(!removeObject) {
1528                        _evictionCursor.add(pair);
1529                        if (_lifo) {
1530                            // Skip over the element we just added back
1531                            _evictionCursor.previous();
1532                        }
1533                    }
1534                    _numInternalProcessing--;
1535                }
1536            }
1537        }
1538    
1539        /**
1540         * Check to see if we are below our minimum number of objects
1541         * if so enough to bring us back to our minimum.
1542         *
1543         * @throws Exception when {@link #addObject()} fails.
1544         */
1545        private void ensureMinIdle() throws Exception {
1546            // this method isn't synchronized so the
1547            // calculateDeficit is done at the beginning
1548            // as a loop limit and a second time inside the loop
1549            // to stop when another thread already returned the
1550            // needed objects
1551            int objectDeficit = calculateDeficit(false);
1552            for ( int j = 0 ; j < objectDeficit && calculateDeficit(true) > 0 ; j++ ) {
1553                try {
1554                    addObject();
1555                } finally {
1556                    synchronized (this) {
1557                        _numInternalProcessing--;
1558                        allocate();
1559                    }
1560                }
1561            }
1562        }
1563    
1564        /**
1565         * This returns the number of objects to create during the pool
1566         * sustain cycle. This will ensure that the minimum number of idle
1567         * instances is maintained without going past the maxActive value.
1568         *
1569         * @param incrementInternal - Should the count of objects currently under
1570         *                            some form of internal processing be
1571         *                            incremented?
1572         * @return The number of objects to be created
1573         */
1574        private synchronized int calculateDeficit(boolean incrementInternal) {
1575            int objectDeficit = getMinIdle() - getNumIdle();
1576            if (_maxActive > 0) {
1577                int growLimit = Math.max(0,
1578                        getMaxActive() - getNumActive() - getNumIdle() - _numInternalProcessing);
1579                objectDeficit = Math.min(objectDeficit, growLimit);
1580            }
1581            if (incrementInternal && objectDeficit >0) {
1582                _numInternalProcessing++;
1583            }
1584            return objectDeficit;
1585        }
1586    
1587        /**
1588         * Create an object, and place it into the pool.
1589         * addObject() is useful for "pre-loading" a pool with idle objects.
1590         */
1591        public void addObject() throws Exception {
1592            assertOpen();
1593            if (_factory == null) {
1594                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot add objects without a factory.");
1595            }
1596            Object obj = _factory.makeObject();
1597            try {
1598                assertOpen();
1599                addObjectToPool(obj, false);
1600            } catch (IllegalStateException ex) { // Pool closed
1601                try {
1602                    _factory.destroyObject(obj);
1603                } catch (Exception ex2) {
1604                    // swallow
1605                }
1606                throw ex;
1607            }
1608        }
1609    
1610        //--- non-public methods ----------------------------------------
1611    
1612        /**
1613         * Start the eviction thread or service, or when
1614         * <i>delay</i> is non-positive, stop it
1615         * if it is already running.
1616         *
1617         * @param delay milliseconds between evictor runs.
1618         */
1619        protected synchronized void startEvictor(long delay) {
1620            if(null != _evictor) {
1621                EvictionTimer.cancel(_evictor);
1622                _evictor = null;
1623            }
1624            if(delay > 0) {
1625                _evictor = new Evictor();
1626                EvictionTimer.schedule(_evictor, delay, delay);
1627            }
1628        }
1629    
1630        synchronized String debugInfo() {
1631            StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
1632            buf.append("Active: ").append(getNumActive()).append("\n");
1633            buf.append("Idle: ").append(getNumIdle()).append("\n");
1634            buf.append("Idle Objects:\n");
1635            Iterator it = _pool.iterator();
1636            long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
1637            while(it.hasNext()) {
1638                ObjectTimestampPair pair = (ObjectTimestampPair)(it.next());
1639                buf.append("\t").append(pair.value).append("\t").append(time - pair.tstamp).append("\n");
1640            }
1641            return buf.toString();
1642        }
1643    
1644        private int getNumTests() {
1645            if(_numTestsPerEvictionRun >= 0) {
1646                return Math.min(_numTestsPerEvictionRun, _pool.size());
1647            } else {
1648                return(int)(Math.ceil(_pool.size()/Math.abs((double)_numTestsPerEvictionRun)));
1649            }
1650        }
1651    
1652        //--- inner classes ----------------------------------------------
1653    
1654        /**
1655         * The idle object evictor {@link TimerTask}.
1656         * @see GenericObjectPool#setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1657         */
1658        private class Evictor extends TimerTask {
1659            public void run() {
1660                try {
1661                    evict();
1662                } catch(Exception e) {
1663                    // ignored
1664                } catch(OutOfMemoryError oome) {
1665                    // Log problem but give evictor thread a chance to continue in
1666                    // case error is recoverable
1667                    oome.printStackTrace(System.err);
1668                }
1669                try {
1670                    ensureMinIdle();
1671                } catch(Exception e) {
1672                    // ignored
1673                }
1674            }
1675        }
1676    
1677        /**
1678         * A simple "struct" encapsulating the
1679         * configuration information for a {@link GenericObjectPool}.
1680         * @see GenericObjectPool#GenericObjectPool(org.apache.commons.pool.PoolableObjectFactory,
1681         * org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool.Config)
1682         * @see GenericObjectPool#setConfig
1683         */
1684        public static class Config {
1685            /**
1686             * @see GenericObjectPool#setMaxIdle
1687             */
1688            public int maxIdle = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE;
1689            /**
1690             * @see GenericObjectPool#setMinIdle
1691             */
1692            public int minIdle = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE;
1693            /**
1694             * @see GenericObjectPool#setMaxActive
1695             */
1696            public int maxActive = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE;
1697            /**
1698             * @see GenericObjectPool#setMaxWait
1699             */
1700            public long maxWait = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT;
1701            /**
1702             * @see GenericObjectPool#setWhenExhaustedAction
1703             */
1704            public byte whenExhaustedAction = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION;
1705            /**
1706             * @see GenericObjectPool#setTestOnBorrow
1707             */
1708            public boolean testOnBorrow = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW;
1709            /**
1710             * @see GenericObjectPool#setTestOnReturn
1711             */
1712            public boolean testOnReturn = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN;
1713            /**
1714             * @see GenericObjectPool#setTestWhileIdle
1715             */
1716            public boolean testWhileIdle = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE;
1717            /**
1718             * @see GenericObjectPool#setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1719             */
1720            public long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS;
1721            /**
1722             * @see GenericObjectPool#setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
1723             */
1724            public int numTestsPerEvictionRun =  GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN;
1725            /**
1726             * @see GenericObjectPool#setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
1727             */
1728            public long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS;
1729            /**
1730             * @see GenericObjectPool#setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
1731             */
1732            public long softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_SOFT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS;
1733            /**
1734             * @see GenericObjectPool#setLifo
1735             */
1736            public boolean lifo = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_LIFO;
1737    
1738        }
1739    
1740        /**
1741         * Latch used to control allocation order of objects to threads to ensure
1742         * fairness. That is, objects are allocated to threads in the order that
1743         * threads request objects.
1744         */
1745        private static final class Latch {
1746            
1747            /** object timestamp pair allocated to this latch */
1748            private ObjectTimestampPair _pair;
1749            
1750            /** Wheter or not this latch may create an object instance */
1751            private boolean _mayCreate = false;
1752    
1753            /**
1754             * Returns ObjectTimestampPair allocated to this latch
1755             * @return ObjectTimestampPair allocated to this latch
1756             */
1757            private synchronized ObjectTimestampPair getPair() {
1758                return _pair;
1759            }
1760            
1761            /**
1762             * Sets ObjectTimestampPair on this latch
1763             * @param pair ObjectTimestampPair allocated to this latch
1764             */
1765            private synchronized void setPair(ObjectTimestampPair pair) {
1766                _pair = pair;
1767            }
1768    
1769            /**
1770             * Whether or not this latch may create an object instance 
1771             * @return true if this latch has an instance creation permit
1772             */
1773            private synchronized boolean mayCreate() {
1774                return _mayCreate;
1775            }
1776            
1777            /**
1778             * Sets the mayCreate property
1779             * @param mayCreate new value for mayCreate
1780             */
1781            private synchronized void setMayCreate(boolean mayCreate) {
1782                _mayCreate = mayCreate;
1783            }
1784    
1785            /**
1786             * Reset the latch data. Used when an allocation fails and the latch
1787             * needs to be re-added to the queue.
1788             */
1789            private synchronized void reset() {
1790                _pair = null;
1791                _mayCreate = false;
1792            }
1793        }
1794    
1795    
1796        //--- private attributes ---------------------------------------
1797    
1798        /**
1799         * The cap on the number of idle instances in the pool.
1800         * @see #setMaxIdle
1801         * @see #getMaxIdle
1802         */
1803        private int _maxIdle = DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE;
1804    
1805        /**
1806        * The cap on the minimum number of idle instances in the pool.
1807        * @see #setMinIdle
1808        * @see #getMinIdle
1809        */
1810        private int _minIdle = DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE;
1811    
1812        /**
1813         * The cap on the total number of active instances from the pool.
1814         * @see #setMaxActive
1815         * @see #getMaxActive
1816         */
1817        private int _maxActive = DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE;
1818    
1819        /**
1820         * The maximum amount of time (in millis) the
1821         * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
1822         * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
1823         * {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction "when exhausted" action} is
1824         * {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}.
1825         *
1826         * When less than or equal to 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
1827         * may block indefinitely.
1828         *
1829         * @see #setMaxWait
1830         * @see #getMaxWait
1831         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
1832         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
1833         * @see #getWhenExhaustedAction
1834         */
1835        private long _maxWait = DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT;
1836    
1837        /**
1838         * The action to take when the {@link #borrowObject} method
1839         * is invoked when the pool is exhausted (the maximum number
1840         * of "active" objects has been reached).
1841         *
1842         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
1843         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL
1844         * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
1845         * @see #DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION
1846         * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
1847         * @see #getWhenExhaustedAction
1848         */
1849        private byte _whenExhaustedAction = DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION;
1850    
1851        /**
1852         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
1853         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
1854         * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
1855         * method.  If the object fails to validate,
1856         * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
1857         * to borrow another.
1858         *
1859         * @see #setTestOnBorrow
1860         * @see #getTestOnBorrow
1861         */
1862        private volatile boolean _testOnBorrow = DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW;
1863    
1864        /**
1865         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
1866         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
1867         * before being returned to the pool within the
1868         * {@link #returnObject}.
1869         *
1870         * @see #getTestOnReturn
1871         * @see #setTestOnReturn
1872         */
1873        private volatile boolean _testOnReturn = DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN;
1874    
1875        /**
1876         * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
1877         * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
1878         * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
1879         * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
1880         *
1881         * @see #setTestWhileIdle
1882         * @see #getTestWhileIdle
1883         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1884         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1885         */
1886        private boolean _testWhileIdle = DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE;
1887    
1888        /**
1889         * The number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
1890         * idle object evictor thread.
1891         * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
1892         * run.
1893         *
1894         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1895         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1896         */
1897        private long _timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS;
1898    
1899        /**
1900         * The max number of objects to examine during each run of the
1901         * idle object evictor thread (if any).
1902         * <p>
1903         * When a negative value is supplied, <tt>ceil({@link #getNumIdle})/abs({@link #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun})</tt>
1904         * tests will be run.  I.e., when the value is <i>-n</i>, roughly one <i>n</i>th of the
1905         * idle objects will be tested per run.
1906         *
1907         * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
1908         * @see #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun
1909         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1910         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1911         */
1912        private int _numTestsPerEvictionRun =  DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN;
1913    
1914        /**
1915         * The minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
1916         * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
1917         * (if any).
1918         * When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
1919         * due to idle time alone.
1920         *
1921         * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
1922         * @see #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
1923         * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1924         * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
1925         */
1926        private long _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS;
1927    
1928        /**
1929         * The minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
1930         * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
1931         * (if any), with the extra condition that at least
1932         * "minIdle" amount of object remain in the pool.
1933         * When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
1934         * due to idle time alone.
1935         *
1936         * @see #setSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
1937         * @see #getSoftMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
1938         */
1939        private long _softMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis = DEFAULT_SOFT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS;
1940    
1941        /** Whether or not the pool behaves as a LIFO queue (last in first out) */
1942        private boolean _lifo = DEFAULT_LIFO;
1943    
1944        /** My pool. */
1945        private CursorableLinkedList _pool = null;
1946    
1947        /** Eviction cursor - keeps track of idle object evictor position */
1948        private CursorableLinkedList.Cursor _evictionCursor = null;
1949    
1950        /** My {@link PoolableObjectFactory}. */
1951        private PoolableObjectFactory _factory = null;
1952    
1953        /**
1954         * The number of objects {@link #borrowObject} borrowed
1955         * from the pool, but not yet returned.
1956         */
1957        private int _numActive = 0;
1958    
1959        /**
1960         * My idle object eviction {@link TimerTask}, if any.
1961         */
1962        private Evictor _evictor = null;
1963    
1964        /**
1965         * The number of objects subject to some form of internal processing
1966         * (usually creation or destruction) that should be included in the total
1967         * number of objects but are neither active nor idle.
1968         */
1969        private int _numInternalProcessing = 0;
1970    
1971        /**
1972         * Used to track the order in which threads call {@link #borrowObject()} so
1973         * that objects can be allocated in the order in which the threads requested
1974         * them.
1975         */
1976        private LinkedList _allocationQueue = new LinkedList();
1977    
1978    }