Package org.hibernate.dialect
Class HSQLDialect
- java.lang.Object
-
- org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
-
- org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
-
- All Implemented Interfaces:
ConversionContext
public class HSQLDialect extends Dialect
An SQL dialect compatible with HSQLDB (HyperSQL). Note this version supports HSQLDB version 1.8 and higher, only. Enhancements to version 3.5.0 GA to provide basic support for both HSQLDB 1.8.x and 2.x Does not works with Hibernate 3.2 - 3.4 without alteration.
-
-
Field Summary
-
Fields inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
CLOSED_QUOTE, DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE, LEGACY_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY, NEW_LOCATOR_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY, NO_BATCH, QUOTE, STANDARD_DEFAULT_BATCH_LOAD_SIZING_STRATEGY, STREAM_XFER_LOB_MERGE_STRATEGY, TWO_SINGLE_QUOTES_REPLACEMENT
-
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description HSQLDialect()Constructs a HSQLDialect
-
Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description booleanbindLimitParametersFirst()Does the LIMIT clause come at the start of the SELECT statement, rather than at the end?booleandoesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders()For the underlying database, is READ_COMMITTED isolation implemented by forcing readers to wait for write locks to be released?booleandoesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters()For the underlying database, is REPEATABLE_READ isolation implemented by forcing writers to wait for read locks to be released?booleandropConstraints()Do we need to drop constraints before dropping tables in this dialect?java.lang.StringgetAddColumnString()The syntax used to add a column to a table (optional).java.lang.StringgetCascadeConstraintsString()Completely optional cascading drop clauseprotected java.lang.StringgetCreateSequenceString(java.lang.String sequenceName)HSQL will start with 0, by default.protected java.lang.StringgetCreateSequenceString(java.lang.String sequenceName, int initialValue, int incrementSize)Because of the overriddengetCreateSequenceString(String), we must also overridegetCreateSequenceString(String, int, int)to prevent 2 instances of "start with".java.lang.StringgetCurrentTimestampSelectString()Retrieve the command used to retrieve the current timestamp from the database.java.lang.StringgetCurrentTimestampSQLFunctionName()The name of the database-specific SQL function for retrieving the current timestamp.MultiTableBulkIdStrategygetDefaultMultiTableBulkIdStrategy()protected java.lang.StringgetDropSequenceString(java.lang.String sequenceName)Typically dialects which support sequences can drop a sequence with a single command.java.lang.StringgetForUpdateString()Get the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire locks for this dialect.IdentityColumnSupportgetIdentityColumnSupport()Get the appropriateIdentityColumnSupportLimitHandlergetLimitHandler()Returns the delegate managing LIMIT clause.java.lang.StringgetLimitString(java.lang.String sql, boolean hasOffset)Apply a limit clause to the query.LockingStrategygetLockingStrategy(Lockable lockable, LockMode lockMode)For HSQLDB 2.0, this is a copy of the base class implementation.NameQualifierSupportgetNameQualifierSupport()By default interpret this based on DatabaseMetaData.java.lang.StringgetQuerySequencesString()Get the select command used retrieve the names of all sequences.java.lang.StringgetSelectClauseNullString(int sqlType)Given aTypestype code, determine an appropriate null value to use in a select clause.java.lang.StringgetSelectSequenceNextValString(java.lang.String sequenceName)Generate the select expression fragment that will retrieve the next value of a sequence as part of another (typically DML) statement.SequenceInformationExtractorgetSequenceInformationExtractor()java.lang.StringgetSequenceNextValString(java.lang.String sequenceName)Generate the appropriate select statement to to retrieve the next value of a sequence.ViolatedConstraintNameExtractergetViolatedConstraintNameExtracter()booleanisCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable()Should the value returned byDialect.getCurrentTimestampSelectString()be treated as callable.booleanrequiresCastingOfParametersInSelectClause()Does this dialect require that parameters appearing in the SELECT clause be wrapped in cast() calls to tell the db parser the expected type.booleansupportsColumnCheck()Does this dialect support column-level check constraints?booleansupportsCommentOn()Does this dialect/database support commenting on tables, columns, etc?booleansupportsCurrentTimestampSelection()HSQLDB 1.8.x requires CALL CURRENT_TIMESTAMP but this should not be treated as a callable statement.booleansupportsEmptyInList()Does this dialect support empty IN lists?booleansupportsIfExistsAfterTableName()For dropping a table, can the phrase "if exists" be applied after the table name?booleansupportsIfExistsBeforeTableName()For dropping a table, can the phrase "if exists" be applied before the table name?booleansupportsLimit()Does this dialect support some form of limiting query results via a SQL clause?booleansupportsLobValueChangePropogation()Does the dialect support propagating changes to LOB values back to the database? Talking about mutating the internal value of the locator as opposed to supplying a new locator instance...booleansupportsLockTimeouts()Informational metadata about whether this dialect is known to support specifying timeouts for requested lock acquisitions.booleansupportsNamedParameters(java.sql.DatabaseMetaData databaseMetaData)Override the DatabaseMetaData#supportsNamedParameters()booleansupportsPooledSequences()Does this dialect support "pooled" sequences.booleansupportsSequences()Does this dialect support sequences?booleansupportsTupleDistinctCounts()Does this dialect support `count(distinct a,b)`?booleansupportsUnionAll()Does this dialect support UNION ALL, which is generally a faster variant of UNION?java.lang.StringtoBooleanValueString(boolean bool)The SQL literal value to which this database maps boolean values.-
Methods inherited from class org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect
addSqlHintOrComment, appendLockHint, appendLockHint, applyLocksToSql, areStringComparisonsCaseInsensitive, augmentPhysicalTableTypes, augmentRecognizedTableTypes, bindLimitParametersInReverseOrder, buildIdentifierHelper, buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate, buildSQLExceptionConverter, canCreateCatalog, canCreateSchema, cast, cast, cast, closeQuote, contributeTypes, convertToFirstRowValue, createCaseFragment, createOuterJoinFragment, defaultScrollMode, equivalentTypes, escapeComment, escapeLiteral, forceLimitUsage, forceLobAsLastValue, forUpdateOfColumns, getAddColumnSuffixString, getAddForeignKeyConstraintString, getAddForeignKeyConstraintString, getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString, getAddUniqueConstraintString, getAlterTableString, getAuxiliaryDatabaseObjectExporter, getCallableStatementSupport, getCaseInsensitiveLike, getCastTypeName, getColumnAliasExtractor, getColumnComment, getCreateCatalogCommand, getCreateMultisetTableString, getCreateSchemaCommand, getCreateSequenceStrings, getCreateSequenceStrings, getCreateTableString, getCreateTemporaryTableColumnAnnotation, getCrossJoinSeparator, getCurrentSchemaCommand, getDefaultBatchLoadSizingStrategy, getDefaultProperties, getDialect, getDialect, getDropCatalogCommand, getDropForeignKeyString, getDropSchemaCommand, getDropSequenceStrings, getDropTableString, getForeignKeyExporter, getForUpdateNowaitString, getForUpdateNowaitString, getForUpdateSkipLockedString, getForUpdateSkipLockedString, getForUpdateString, getForUpdateString, getForUpdateString, getForUpdateString, getFunctions, getHibernateTypeName, getHibernateTypeName, getIndexExporter, getInExpressionCountLimit, getKeywords, getLimitString, getLobMergeStrategy, getLowercaseFunction, getMaxAliasLength, getNativeIdentifierGeneratorClass, getNativeIdentifierGeneratorStrategy, getNoColumnsInsertString, getNotExpression, getNullColumnString, getQueryHintString, getQueryHintString, getReadLockString, getReadLockString, getResultSet, getResultSet, getResultSet, getSchemaNameResolver, getSelectGUIDString, getSequenceExporter, getSqlTypeDescriptorOverride, getTableComment, getTableExporter, getTableTypeString, getTypeName, getTypeName, getUniqueDelegate, getUniqueKeyExporter, getWriteLockString, getWriteLockString, hasAlterTable, hasSelfReferentialForeignKeyBug, inlineLiteral, isJdbcLogWarningsEnabledByDefault, isLegacyLimitHandlerBehaviorEnabled, isLockTimeoutParameterized, isTypeNameRegistered, openQuote, prependComment, qualifyIndexName, quote, registerColumnType, registerColumnType, registerFunction, registerHibernateType, registerHibernateType, registerKeyword, registerResultSetOutParameter, registerResultSetOutParameter, remapSqlTypeDescriptor, renderOrderByElement, replaceResultVariableInOrderByClauseWithPosition, requiresParensForTupleDistinctCounts, supportsBindAsCallableArgument, supportsCascadeDelete, supportsCaseInsensitiveLike, supportsCircularCascadeDeleteConstraints, supportsExistsInSelect, supportsExpectedLobUsagePattern, supportsIfExistsAfterAlterTable, supportsIfExistsAfterConstraintName, supportsIfExistsBeforeConstraintName, supportsJdbcConnectionLobCreation, supportsLimitOffset, supportsNationalizedTypes, supportsNoColumnsInsert, supportsNonQueryWithCTE, supportsNotNullUnique, supportsNoWait, supportsOuterJoinForUpdate, supportsParametersInInsertSelect, supportsPartitionBy, supportsResultSetPositionQueryMethodsOnForwardOnlyCursor, supportsRowValueConstructorSyntax, supportsRowValueConstructorSyntaxInInList, supportsRowValueConstructorSyntaxInSet, supportsSelectAliasInGroupByClause, supportsSkipLocked, supportsSubqueryOnMutatingTable, supportsSubselectAsInPredicateLHS, supportsTableCheck, supportsTupleCounts, supportsTuplesInSubqueries, supportsUnboundedLobLocatorMaterialization, supportsUnique, supportsUniqueConstraintInCreateAlterTable, supportsValuesList, supportsVariableLimit, toString, transformSelectString, useFollowOnLocking, useFollowOnLocking, useInputStreamToInsertBlob, useMaxForLimit
-
-
-
-
Method Detail
-
getAddColumnString
public java.lang.String getAddColumnString()
Description copied from class:DialectThe syntax used to add a column to a table (optional).- Overrides:
getAddColumnStringin classDialect- Returns:
- The "add column" fragment.
-
supportsLockTimeouts
public boolean supportsLockTimeouts()
Description copied from class:DialectInformational metadata about whether this dialect is known to support specifying timeouts for requested lock acquisitions.- Overrides:
supportsLockTimeoutsin classDialect- Returns:
- True is this dialect supports specifying lock timeouts.
-
getForUpdateString
public java.lang.String getForUpdateString()
Description copied from class:DialectGet the string to append to SELECT statements to acquire locks for this dialect.- Overrides:
getForUpdateStringin classDialect- Returns:
- The appropriate FOR UPDATE clause string.
-
getLimitHandler
public LimitHandler getLimitHandler()
Description copied from class:DialectReturns the delegate managing LIMIT clause.- Overrides:
getLimitHandlerin classDialect- Returns:
- LIMIT clause delegate.
-
supportsLimit
public boolean supportsLimit()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect support some form of limiting query results via a SQL clause?- Overrides:
supportsLimitin classDialect- Returns:
- True if this dialect supports some form of LIMIT.
-
getLimitString
public java.lang.String getLimitString(java.lang.String sql, boolean hasOffset)Description copied from class:DialectApply a limit clause to the query. Typically dialects utilizevariablelimit clauses when they support limits. Thus, when building the select command we do not actually need to know the limit or the offset since we will just be using placeholders. Here we do still pass along whether or not an offset was specified so that dialects not supporting offsets can generate proper exceptions. In general, dialects will override one or the other of this method andDialect.getLimitString(String, int, int).- Overrides:
getLimitStringin classDialect- Parameters:
sql- The query to which to apply the limit.hasOffset- Is the query requesting an offset?- Returns:
- the modified SQL
-
bindLimitParametersFirst
public boolean bindLimitParametersFirst()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes the LIMIT clause come at the start of the SELECT statement, rather than at the end?- Overrides:
bindLimitParametersFirstin classDialect- Returns:
- true if limit parameters should come before other parameters
-
supportsIfExistsAfterTableName
public boolean supportsIfExistsAfterTableName()
Description copied from class:DialectFor dropping a table, can the phrase "if exists" be applied after the table name? NOTE : Only one or the other (or neither) of this andDialect.supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName()should return true- Overrides:
supportsIfExistsAfterTableNamein classDialect- Returns:
trueif the "if exists" can be applied after the table name
-
supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName
public boolean supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName()
Description copied from class:DialectFor dropping a table, can the phrase "if exists" be applied before the table name? NOTE : Only one or the other (or neither) of this andDialect.supportsIfExistsAfterTableName()should return true- Overrides:
supportsIfExistsBeforeTableNamein classDialect- Returns:
trueif the "if exists" can be applied before the table name
-
supportsColumnCheck
public boolean supportsColumnCheck()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect support column-level check constraints?- Overrides:
supportsColumnCheckin classDialect- Returns:
- True if column-level CHECK constraints are supported; false otherwise.
-
supportsSequences
public boolean supportsSequences()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect support sequences?- Overrides:
supportsSequencesin classDialect- Returns:
- True if sequences supported; false otherwise.
-
supportsPooledSequences
public boolean supportsPooledSequences()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect support "pooled" sequences. Not aware of a better name for this. Essentially can we specify the initial and increment values?- Overrides:
supportsPooledSequencesin classDialect- Returns:
- True if such "pooled" sequences are supported; false otherwise.
- See Also:
Dialect.getCreateSequenceStrings(String, int, int),Dialect.getCreateSequenceString(String, int, int)
-
getCreateSequenceString
protected java.lang.String getCreateSequenceString(java.lang.String sequenceName)
HSQL will start with 0, by default. In order for Hibernate to know that this not transient, manually start with 1.- Overrides:
getCreateSequenceStringin classDialect- Parameters:
sequenceName- The name of the sequence- Returns:
- The sequence creation command
-
getCreateSequenceString
protected java.lang.String getCreateSequenceString(java.lang.String sequenceName, int initialValue, int incrementSize) throws MappingExceptionBecause of the overriddengetCreateSequenceString(String), we must also overridegetCreateSequenceString(String, int, int)to prevent 2 instances of "start with".- Overrides:
getCreateSequenceStringin classDialect- Parameters:
sequenceName- The name of the sequenceinitialValue- The initial value to apply to 'create sequence' statementincrementSize- The increment value to apply to 'create sequence' statement- Returns:
- The sequence creation command
- Throws:
MappingException- If sequences are not supported.
-
getDropSequenceString
protected java.lang.String getDropSequenceString(java.lang.String sequenceName)
Description copied from class:DialectTypically dialects which support sequences can drop a sequence with a single command. This is convenience form ofDialect.getDropSequenceStrings(java.lang.String)to help facilitate that. Dialects which support sequences and can drop a sequence in a single command need *only* override this method. Dialects which support sequences but require multiple commands to drop a sequence should instead overrideDialect.getDropSequenceStrings(java.lang.String).- Overrides:
getDropSequenceStringin classDialect- Parameters:
sequenceName- The name of the sequence- Returns:
- The sequence drop commands
-
getSelectSequenceNextValString
public java.lang.String getSelectSequenceNextValString(java.lang.String sequenceName)
Description copied from class:DialectGenerate the select expression fragment that will retrieve the next value of a sequence as part of another (typically DML) statement. This differs fromDialect.getSequenceNextValString(String)in that this should return an expression usable within another statement.- Overrides:
getSelectSequenceNextValStringin classDialect- Parameters:
sequenceName- the name of the sequence- Returns:
- The "nextval" fragment.
-
getSequenceNextValString
public java.lang.String getSequenceNextValString(java.lang.String sequenceName)
Description copied from class:DialectGenerate the appropriate select statement to to retrieve the next value of a sequence. This should be a "stand alone" select statement.- Overrides:
getSequenceNextValStringin classDialect- Parameters:
sequenceName- the name of the sequence- Returns:
- String The "nextval" select string.
-
getQuerySequencesString
public java.lang.String getQuerySequencesString()
Description copied from class:DialectGet the select command used retrieve the names of all sequences.- Overrides:
getQuerySequencesStringin classDialect- Returns:
- The select command; or null if sequences are not supported.
- See Also:
SchemaUpdate
-
getSequenceInformationExtractor
public SequenceInformationExtractor getSequenceInformationExtractor()
- Overrides:
getSequenceInformationExtractorin classDialect
-
getViolatedConstraintNameExtracter
public ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter getViolatedConstraintNameExtracter()
- Specified by:
getViolatedConstraintNameExtracterin interfaceConversionContext- Overrides:
getViolatedConstraintNameExtracterin classDialect
-
getSelectClauseNullString
public java.lang.String getSelectClauseNullString(int sqlType)
Description copied from class:DialectGiven aTypestype code, determine an appropriate null value to use in a select clause. One thing to consider here is that certain databases might require proper casting for the nulls here since the select here will be part of a UNION/UNION ALL.- Overrides:
getSelectClauseNullStringin classDialect- Parameters:
sqlType- TheTypestype code.- Returns:
- The appropriate select clause value fragment.
-
supportsUnionAll
public boolean supportsUnionAll()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect support UNION ALL, which is generally a faster variant of UNION?- Overrides:
supportsUnionAllin classDialect- Returns:
- True if UNION ALL is supported; false otherwise.
-
getDefaultMultiTableBulkIdStrategy
public MultiTableBulkIdStrategy getDefaultMultiTableBulkIdStrategy()
- Overrides:
getDefaultMultiTableBulkIdStrategyin classDialect
-
supportsCurrentTimestampSelection
public boolean supportsCurrentTimestampSelection()
HSQLDB 1.8.x requires CALL CURRENT_TIMESTAMP but this should not be treated as a callable statement. It is equivalent to "select current_timestamp from dual" in some databases. HSQLDB 2.0 also supports VALUES CURRENT_TIMESTAMP Does this dialect support a way to retrieve the database's current timestamp value?- Overrides:
supportsCurrentTimestampSelectionin classDialect- Returns:
- True if the current timestamp can be retrieved; false otherwise.
-
isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable
public boolean isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable()
Description copied from class:DialectShould the value returned byDialect.getCurrentTimestampSelectString()be treated as callable. Typically this indicates that JDBC escape syntax is being used...- Overrides:
isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallablein classDialect- Returns:
- True if the
Dialect.getCurrentTimestampSelectString()return is callable; false otherwise.
-
getCurrentTimestampSelectString
public java.lang.String getCurrentTimestampSelectString()
Description copied from class:DialectRetrieve the command used to retrieve the current timestamp from the database.- Overrides:
getCurrentTimestampSelectStringin classDialect- Returns:
- The command.
-
getCurrentTimestampSQLFunctionName
public java.lang.String getCurrentTimestampSQLFunctionName()
Description copied from class:DialectThe name of the database-specific SQL function for retrieving the current timestamp.- Overrides:
getCurrentTimestampSQLFunctionNamein classDialect- Returns:
- The function name.
-
getLockingStrategy
public LockingStrategy getLockingStrategy(Lockable lockable, LockMode lockMode)
For HSQLDB 2.0, this is a copy of the base class implementation. For HSQLDB 1.8, only READ_UNCOMMITTED is supported. Get a strategy instance which knows how to acquire a database-level lock of the specified mode for this dialect.- Overrides:
getLockingStrategyin classDialect- Parameters:
lockable- The persister for the entity to be locked.lockMode- The type of lock to be acquired.- Returns:
- The appropriate locking strategy.
-
supportsCommentOn
public boolean supportsCommentOn()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect/database support commenting on tables, columns, etc?- Overrides:
supportsCommentOnin classDialect- Returns:
trueif commenting is supported
-
supportsEmptyInList
public boolean supportsEmptyInList()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect support empty IN lists? For example, is [where XYZ in ()] a supported construct?- Overrides:
supportsEmptyInListin classDialect- Returns:
- True if empty in lists are supported; false otherwise.
-
requiresCastingOfParametersInSelectClause
public boolean requiresCastingOfParametersInSelectClause()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect require that parameters appearing in the SELECT clause be wrapped in cast() calls to tell the db parser the expected type.- Overrides:
requiresCastingOfParametersInSelectClausein classDialect- Returns:
- True if select clause parameter must be cast()ed
-
doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders
public boolean doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReaders()
Description copied from class:DialectFor the underlying database, is READ_COMMITTED isolation implemented by forcing readers to wait for write locks to be released?- Overrides:
doesReadCommittedCauseWritersToBlockReadersin classDialect- Returns:
- True if writers block readers to achieve READ_COMMITTED; false otherwise.
-
doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters
public boolean doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWriters()
Description copied from class:DialectFor the underlying database, is REPEATABLE_READ isolation implemented by forcing writers to wait for read locks to be released?- Overrides:
doesRepeatableReadCauseReadersToBlockWritersin classDialect- Returns:
- True if readers block writers to achieve REPEATABLE_READ; false otherwise.
-
supportsLobValueChangePropogation
public boolean supportsLobValueChangePropogation()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes the dialect support propagating changes to LOB values back to the database? Talking about mutating the internal value of the locator as opposed to supplying a new locator instance... For BLOBs, the internal value might be changed by:Blob.setBinaryStream(long),Blob.setBytes(long, byte[]),Blob.setBytes(long, byte[], int, int), orBlob.truncate(long). For CLOBs, the internal value might be changed by:Clob.setAsciiStream(long),Clob.setCharacterStream(long),Clob.setString(long, String),Clob.setString(long, String, int, int), orClob.truncate(long). NOTE : I do not know the correct answer currently for databases which (1) are not part of the cruise control process or (2) do notDialect.supportsExpectedLobUsagePattern().- Overrides:
supportsLobValueChangePropogationin classDialect- Returns:
- True if the changes are propagated back to the database; false otherwise.
-
toBooleanValueString
public java.lang.String toBooleanValueString(boolean bool)
Description copied from class:DialectThe SQL literal value to which this database maps boolean values.- Overrides:
toBooleanValueStringin classDialect- Parameters:
bool- The boolean value- Returns:
- The appropriate SQL literal.
-
supportsTupleDistinctCounts
public boolean supportsTupleDistinctCounts()
Description copied from class:DialectDoes this dialect support `count(distinct a,b)`?- Overrides:
supportsTupleDistinctCountsin classDialect- Returns:
- True if the database supports counting distinct tuples; false otherwise.
-
getIdentityColumnSupport
public IdentityColumnSupport getIdentityColumnSupport()
Description copied from class:DialectGet the appropriateIdentityColumnSupport- Overrides:
getIdentityColumnSupportin classDialect- Returns:
- the IdentityColumnSupport
-
getNameQualifierSupport
public NameQualifierSupport getNameQualifierSupport()
Description copied from class:DialectBy default interpret this based on DatabaseMetaData.- Overrides:
getNameQualifierSupportin classDialect- Returns:
- The NameQualifierSupport.
-
supportsNamedParameters
public boolean supportsNamedParameters(java.sql.DatabaseMetaData databaseMetaData) throws java.sql.SQLExceptionDescription copied from class:DialectOverride the DatabaseMetaData#supportsNamedParameters()- Overrides:
supportsNamedParametersin classDialect- Returns:
- boolean
- Throws:
java.sql.SQLException- Accessing the DatabaseMetaData can throw it. Just re-throw and Hibernate will handle.
-
dropConstraints
public boolean dropConstraints()
Description copied from class:DialectDo we need to drop constraints before dropping tables in this dialect?- Overrides:
dropConstraintsin classDialect- Returns:
- True if constraints must be dropped prior to dropping the table; false otherwise.
-
getCascadeConstraintsString
public java.lang.String getCascadeConstraintsString()
Description copied from class:DialectCompletely optional cascading drop clause- Overrides:
getCascadeConstraintsStringin classDialect- Returns:
- String
-
-