Packages

•  package root

  Definition Classes

  root

•  package scamper

  At the core Scamper is HttpMessage, which is a trait that defines the fundamental characteristics of an HTTP message.

  HTTP Messages

  At the core Scamper is HttpMessage, which is a trait that defines the fundamental characteristics of an HTTP message. HttpRequest and HttpResponse extend the specification to define characteristics specific to their respective message types.

  An HttpRequest is created using one of the factory methods defined in its companion object. Or you can start with a RequestMethod and use builder methods to further define the request.

  import scamper.Header
  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  
  val request = GET("/motd").withHeaders(
    Header("Host", "localhost:8080"),
    Header("Accept", "text/plain")
  )
  
  printf("Request Method: %s%n", request.method)
  printf("Target URI: %s%n", request.target)
  
  request.headers.foreach(println)
  
  val host: Option[String] = request.getHeaderValue("Host")

  An HttpResponse is created using one of the factory methods defined in its companion object. Or you can start with a ResponseStatus and use builder methods to further define the response.

  import scamper.{ BodyParsers, Header }
  import scamper.Implicits.stringToEntity
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.Ok
  
  val response = Ok("There is an answer.").withHeaders(
    Header("Content-Type", "text/plain"),
    Header("Connection", "close")
  )
  
  printf("Status Code: %s%n", response.status.code)
  printf("Reason Phrase: %s%n", response.status.reason)
  
  response.headers.foreach(println)
  
  val contentType: Option[String] = response.getHeaderValue("Content-Type")
  
  implicit val parser = BodyParsers.text()
  
  printf("Body: %s%n", response.as[String])

  Definition Classes

  root

•  package auth

  Provides access to authethentication types and headers.

  Provides access to authethentication types and headers.

  Challenges and Credentials

  When working with authentication, a Challenge is presented in the response, and Credentials in the request. Each of these has an assigned scheme, which is associated with either a token or a set of parameters.

  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.Unauthorized
  import scamper.auth.{ Authorization, Challenge, Credentials, WwwAuthenticate }
  
  // Present response challenge (scheme and parameters)
  val challenge = Challenge("Bearer", "realm" -> "developer")
  val res = Unauthorized().withWwwAuthenticate(challenge)
  
  // Present request credentials (scheme and token)
  val credentials = Credentials("Bearer", "QWxsIEFjY2VzcyEhIQo=")
  val req = GET("/dev/projects").withAuthorization(credentials)

  Basic Authentication

  There are subclasses defined for Basic authentication: BasicChallenge and BasicCredentials.

  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.Unauthorized
  import scamper.auth.{ Authorization, BasicChallenge, BasicCredentials, WwwAuthenticate }
  
  // Provide realm and optional parameters
  val challenge = BasicChallenge("admin", "title" -> "Admin Console")
  val res = Unauthorized().withWwwAuthenticate(challenge)
  
  // Provide user and password
  val credentials = BasicCredentials("sa", "l3tm31n")
  val req = GET("/admin/users").withAuthorization(credentials)

  In addition, there are methods for Basic authentication defined in the header classes.

  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.Unauthorized
  import scamper.auth.{ Authorization, WwwAuthenticate }
  
  // Provide realm and optional parameters
  val res = Unauthorized().withBasic("admin", "title" -> "Admin Console")
  
  // Access basic auth in response
  printf(s"Realm: %s%n", res.basic.realm)
  printf(s"Title: %s%n", res.basic.params("title"))
  
  // Provide user and password
  val req = GET("/admin/users").withBasic("sa", "l3tm3m1n")
  
  // Access basic auth in request
  printf(s"User: %s%n", req.basic.user)
  printf(s"Password: %s%n", req.basic.password)

  Bearer Authentication

  There are subclasses defined for Bearer authentication: BearerChallenge and BearerCredentials. And, similar to Basic, there are Bearer-specific methods available in the header classes.

  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.Unauthorized
  import scamper.auth.{ Authorization, WwwAuthenticate }
  
  // Provide challenge parameters
  val res = Unauthorized().withBearer(
    "scope" -> "user profile",
    "error" -> "invalid_token",
    "error_description" -> "Expired access token"
  )
  
  // Print optional realm parameter
  res.bearer.realm.foreach(println)
  
  // Print scope from space-delimited parameter
  val scope: Seq[String] = res.bearer.scope
  scope.foreach(println)
  
  // Print error parameters
  res.bearer.error.foreach(println)
  res.bearer.errorDescription.foreach(println)
  res.bearer.errorUri.foreach(println)
  
  // Test for error conditions
  println(res.bearer.isInvalidToken)
  println(res.bearer.isInvalidRequest)
  println(res.bearer.isInsufficientScope)
  
  // Create request with Bearer token
  val req = GET("/users").withBearer("R290IDUgb24gaXQhCg==")
  
  // Access bearer auth in request
  printf("Token: %s%n", req.bearer.token)

  Definition Classes

  scamper

•  package client

  Provides HTTP client implementation.

  Provides HTTP client implementation.

  Using HTTP Client

  The HttpClient object can be used to send a request and handle the response.

  import scamper.BodyParsers
  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.client.HttpClient
  
  implicit val parser = BodyParsers.text()
  
  def getMessageOfTheDay(): Either[Int, String] = {
    val req = GET("localhost:8080/motd")
  
    // Send request and handle response
    HttpClient.send(req) { res =>
      res.status.isSuccessful match {
        case true  => Right(res.as[String])
        case false => Left(res.status.code)
      }
    }
  }

  Note the request must be created with an absolute URI to make effective use of the client.

  Creating HTTP Client

  When using the HttpClient object as the client, it creates an instance of HttpClient for one-time usage. If you plan to send multiple requests, you can create and maintain a reference to an HttpClient instance. With that, you also get access to methods corresponding to the standard HTTP request methods.

  import scamper.BodyParsers
  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.client.HttpClient
  
  implicit val parser = BodyParsers.text()
  
  // Create HttpClient instance
  val client = HttpClient(bufferSize = 4096, readTimeout = 3000)
  
  def getMessageOfTheDay(): Either[Int, String] = {
    // Use client instance
    client.get("http://localhost:8080/motd") { res =>
      res.status.isSuccessful match {
        case true  => Right(res.as[String])
        case false => Left(res.status.code)
      }
    }
  }

  And if the client is declared as an implicit value, you can make use of send() on the request itself.

  import scamper.BodyParsers
  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.client.HttpClient
  import scamper.client.Implicits.ClientHttpRequestType // Adds send method to request
  import scamper.headers.{ Accept, AcceptLanguage }
  import scamper.types.Implicits.{ stringToMediaRange, stringToLanguageRange }
  
  implicit val client = HttpClient(bufferSize = 8192, readTimeout = 1000)
  implicit val parser = BodyParsers.text(4096)
  
  GET("http://localhost:8080/motd")
    .withAccept("text/plain")
    .withAcceptLanguage("en-US; q=0.6", "fr-CA; q=0.4")
    .send(res => println(res.as[String])) // Send request and print response

  Definition Classes

  scamper

•  package cookies

  Provides specialized access to message cookies.

  Provides specialized access to message cookies.

  Request Cookies

  In HttpRequest, cookies are stringed together in the Cookie header. You can access them using the extension methods provided by RequestCookies, with each cookie represented as PlainCookie.

  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.cookies.{ PlainCookie, RequestCookies }
  
  // Build request with cookies
  val req = GET("https://localhost:8080/motd").withCookies(
    PlainCookie("ID", "bG9zCg"), PlainCookie("Region", "SE-US")
  )
  
  // Access and print all cookies
  req.cookies.foreach(println)
  
  // Get cookies by name
  val id: Option[PlainCookie] = req.getCookie("ID")
  val region: Option[PlainCookie] = req.getCookie("Region")
  
  // Get cookie values by name
  assert(req.getCookieValue("ID").contains("bG9zCg"))
  assert(req.getCookieValue("Region").contains("SE-US"))

  Response Cookies

  In HttpResponse, the cookies are a collection of Set-Cookie header values. Specialized access is provided by ResponseCookies, with each cookie represented as SetCookie.

  import scamper.Implicits.stringToEntity
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.Ok
  import scamper.cookies.{ ResponseCookies, SetCookie }
  
  // Build response with cookies
  val res = Ok("There is an answer.").withCookies(
    SetCookie("ID", "bG9zCg", path = Some("/motd"), secure = true),
    SetCookie("Region", "SE-US")
  )
  
  // Access and print all cookies
  res.cookies.foreach(println)
  
  // Get cookies by name
  val id: Option[SetCookie] = res.getCookie("ID")
  val region: Option[SetCookie] = res.getCookie("Region")
  
  // Get attributes of ID cookie
  val path: String = id.flatMap(_.path).getOrElse("/")
  val secure: Boolean = id.map(_.secure).getOrElse(false)
  
  // Get cookie values by name
  assert(res.getCookieValue("ID").contains("bG9zCg"))
  assert(res.getCookieValue("Region").contains("SE-US"))

  Definition Classes

  scamper

• Cookie
• PlainCookie
• RequestCookies
• ResponseCookies
• SetCookie
•  package headers

  Provides specialized access to message headers.

  Provides specialized access to message headers.

  Using Header Classes

  Specialized header access is provided by type classes. Some headers are available to both requests and responses, and others are available only to a specific message type. This behavior is driven by the HTTP specification.

  import scamper.Implicits.stringToUri
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.headers.{ Accept, Host }
  import scamper.types.Implicits.stringToMediaRange
  
  // Build request using 'Host' and 'Accept' headers
  val req = GET("/motd").withHost("localhost:8080").withAccept("text/plain")
  
  // Access and print header values
  printf("Host: %s%n", req.host)
  printf("Accept: %s%n", req.accept.head)

  Definition Classes

  scamper

•  package logging

  Provides logging facilities.

  Provides logging facilities.

  Definition Classes

  scamper

•  package server

  Provides HTTP server implementation.

  Provides HTTP server implementation.

  Building HTTP Server

  To build a server, you begin with ServerApplication. This is a mutable structure to which you apply changes to configure the server. Once the desired settings are applied, you invoke one of several methods to create the server.

  import java.io.File
  import scamper.BodyParsers
  import scamper.Implicits.stringToEntity
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.{ NotFound, Ok }
  import scamper.server.HttpServer
  import scamper.server.Implicits._
  
  // Get server application
  val app = HttpServer.app()
  
  // Add request handler to log all requests
  app.incoming { req =>
    println(req.startLine)
    req
  }
  
  // Add request handler to specific request method and path
  app.get("/about") { req =>
    Ok("This server is powered by Scamper.")
  }
  
  // Add request handler using path parameter
  app.put("/data/:id") { req =>
    def update(id: Int, data: String): Boolean = ???
  
    implicit val parser = BodyParsers.text()
  
    // Get path parameter
    val id = req.params.getInt("id")
  
    update(id, req.as[String]) match {
      case true  => Ok()
      case false => NotFound()
    }
  }
  
  // Serve static files
  app.files("/main", new File("/path/to/public"))
  
  // Gzip response body if not empty
  app.outgoing { res =>
    res.body.isKnownEmpty match {
      case true  => res
      case false => res.withGzipContentEncoding()
    }
  }
  
  // Create server
  val server = app.create(8080)
  
  printf("Host: %s%n", server.host)
  printf("Port: %d%n", server.port)
  
  Thread.sleep(60 * 1000)
  
  // Close server when done
  server.close()

  Definition Classes

  scamper

•  package types

  Defines standardized types for header classes in scamper.headers.

  Defines standardized types for header classes in scamper.headers.

  import scamper.Implicits.{ stringToEntity, stringToUri }
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.Ok
  import scamper.headers.{ Accept, ContentType, TransferEncoding }
  import scamper.types.{ MediaRange, MediaType, TransferCoding }
  
  val json = MediaRange("application", "json", 0.9f)
  val html = MediaRange.parse("text/html; q=0.1")
  
  val req = GET("/motd").withAccept(json, html)
  
  val text = MediaType.parse("text/plain")
  val gzip = TransferCoding("gzip")
  
  val res = Ok("There is an answer.").withContentType(text).withTransferEncoding(gzip)

  Using values defined in Implicits, properly formatted strings can be implicitly converted to standardized types.

  import scamper.Implicits.{ stringToEntity, stringToUri }
  import scamper.RequestMethod.Registry.GET
  import scamper.ResponseStatus.Registry.Ok
  import scamper.headers.{ Accept, ContentType, TransferEncoding }
  import scamper.types.Implicits._
  
  val req = GET("/motd").withAccept("application/json; q=0.9", "text/html; q=0.1")
  
  val res = Ok("There is an answer.").withContentType("text/plain").withTransferEncoding("gzip")

  Definition Classes

  scamper

scamper

cookies