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java.lang.Objectcom.ibm.icu.util.Calendar
com.ibm.icu.util.IslamicCalendar
public class IslamicCalendar
IslamicCalendar
is a subclass of Calendar
that that implements the Islamic civil and religious calendars. It
is used as the civil calendar in most of the Arab world and the
liturgical calendar of the Islamic faith worldwide. This calendar
is also known as the "Hijri" calendar, since it starts at the time
of Mohammed's emigration (or "hijra") to Medinah on Thursday,
July 15, 622 AD (Julian).
The Islamic calendar is strictly lunar, and thus an Islamic year of twelve lunar months does not correspond to the solar year used by most other calendar systems, including the Gregorian. An Islamic year is, on average, about 354 days long, so each successive Islamic year starts about 11 days earlier in the corresponding Gregorian year.
Each month of the calendar starts when the new moon's crescent is visible at sunset. However, in order to keep the time fields in this class synchronized with those of the other calendars and with local clock time, we treat days and months as beginning at midnight, roughly 6 hours after the corresponding sunset.
There are two main variants of the Islamic calendar in existence. The first
is the civil calendar, which uses a fixed cycle of alternating 29-
and 30-day months, with a leap day added to the last month of 11 out of
every 30 years. This calendar is easily calculated and thus predictable in
advance, so it is used as the civil calendar in a number of Arab countries.
This is the default behavior of a newly-created IslamicCalendar
object.
The Islamic religious calendar, however, is based on the observation of the crescent moon. It is thus affected by the position at which the observations are made, seasonal variations in the time of sunset, the eccentricities of the moon's orbit, and even the weather at the observation site. This makes it impossible to calculate in advance, and it causes the start of a month in the religious calendar to differ from the civil calendar by up to three days.
Using astronomical calculations for the position of the sun and moon, the moon's illumination, and other factors, it is possible to determine the start of a lunar month with a fairly high degree of certainty. However, these calculations are extremely complicated and thus slow, so most algorithms, including the one used here, are only approximations of the true astronical calculations. At present, the approximations used in this class are fairly simplistic; they will be improved in later versions of the code.
The setCivil
method determines
which approach is used to determine the start of a month. By default, the
fixed-cycle civil calendar is used. However, if setCivil(false)
is called, an approximation of the true lunar calendar will be used.
This class should not be subclassed.
IslamicCalendar usually should be instantiated using
Calendar.getInstance(ULocale)
passing in a ULocale
with the tag "@calendar=islamic"
or "@calendar=islamic-civil"
.
GregorianCalendar
,
Calendar
,
Serialized FormNested Class Summary |
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Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class com.ibm.icu.util.Calendar |
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Calendar.FormatConfiguration |
Field Summary | |
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static int |
DHU_AL_HIJJAH
Constant for Dhu al-Hijjah, the 12th month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
DHU_AL_QIDAH
Constant for Dhu al-Qi'dah, the 11th month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
JUMADA_1
Constant for Jumada al-awwal or (Jumada I), the 5th month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
JUMADA_2
Constant for Jumada al-thani or (Jumada II), the 6th month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
MUHARRAM
Constant for Muharram, the 1st month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
RABI_1
Constant for Rabi' al-awwal (or Rabi' I), the 3rd month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
RABI_2
Constant for Rabi' al-thani or (Rabi' II), the 4th month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
RAJAB
Constant for Rajab, the 7th month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
RAMADAN
Constant for Ramadan, the 9th month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
SAFAR
Constant for Safar, the 2nd month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
SHABAN
Constant for Sha'ban, the 8th month of the Islamic year. |
static int |
SHAWWAL
Constant for Shawwal, the 10th month of the Islamic year. |
Fields inherited from class com.ibm.icu.util.Calendar |
---|
AM, AM_PM, APRIL, AUGUST, BASE_FIELD_COUNT, DATE, DAY_OF_MONTH, DAY_OF_WEEK, DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH, DAY_OF_YEAR, DECEMBER, DOW_LOCAL, DST_OFFSET, EPOCH_JULIAN_DAY, ERA, EXTENDED_YEAR, FEBRUARY, FRIDAY, GREATEST_MINIMUM, HOUR, HOUR_OF_DAY, INTERNALLY_SET, IS_LEAP_MONTH, JAN_1_1_JULIAN_DAY, JANUARY, JULIAN_DAY, JULY, JUNE, LEAST_MAXIMUM, MARCH, MAX_DATE, MAX_FIELD_COUNT, MAX_JULIAN, MAX_MILLIS, MAXIMUM, MAY, MILLISECOND, MILLISECONDS_IN_DAY, MIN_DATE, MIN_JULIAN, MIN_MILLIS, MINIMUM, MINIMUM_USER_STAMP, MINUTE, MONDAY, MONTH, NOVEMBER, OCTOBER, ONE_DAY, ONE_HOUR, ONE_MINUTE, ONE_SECOND, ONE_WEEK, PM, RESOLVE_REMAP, SATURDAY, SECOND, SEPTEMBER, SUNDAY, THURSDAY, TUESDAY, UNDECIMBER, UNSET, WEDNESDAY, WEEK_OF_MONTH, WEEK_OF_YEAR, WEEKDAY, WEEKEND, WEEKEND_CEASE, WEEKEND_ONSET, YEAR, YEAR_WOY, ZONE_OFFSET |
Constructor Summary | |
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IslamicCalendar()
Constructs a default IslamicCalendar using the current time
in the default time zone with the default locale. |
|
IslamicCalendar(Date date)
Constructs an IslamicCalendar with the given date set
in the default time zone with the default locale. |
|
IslamicCalendar(int year,
int month,
int date)
Constructs an IslamicCalendar with the given date set
in the default time zone with the default locale. |
|
IslamicCalendar(int year,
int month,
int date,
int hour,
int minute,
int second)
Constructs an IslamicCalendar with the given date
and time set for the default time zone with the default locale. |
|
IslamicCalendar(Locale aLocale)
Constructs an IslamicCalendar based on the current time
in the default time zone with the given locale. |
|
IslamicCalendar(TimeZone zone)
Constructs an IslamicCalendar based on the current time
in the given time zone with the default locale. |
|
IslamicCalendar(TimeZone zone,
Locale aLocale)
Constructs an IslamicCalendar based on the current time
in the given time zone with the given locale. |
|
IslamicCalendar(TimeZone zone,
ULocale locale)
Constructs an IslamicCalendar based on the current time
in the given time zone with the given locale. |
|
IslamicCalendar(ULocale locale)
Constructs an IslamicCalendar based on the current time
in the default time zone with the given locale. |
Method Summary | |
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String |
getType()
[icu] Returns the current Calendar type. |
protected void |
handleComputeFields(int julianDay)
Override Calendar to compute several fields specific to the Islamic calendar system. |
protected int |
handleComputeMonthStart(int eyear,
int month,
boolean useMonth)
Returns the Julian day number of day before the first day of the given month in the given extended year. |
protected int |
handleGetExtendedYear()
Returns the extended year defined by the current fields. |
protected int |
handleGetLimit(int field,
int limitType)
Subclass API for defining limits of different types. |
protected int |
handleGetMonthLength(int extendedYear,
int month)
Return the length (in days) of the given month. |
protected int |
handleGetYearLength(int extendedYear)
Return the number of days in the given Islamic year |
boolean |
isCivil()
Returns true if this object is using the fixed-cycle civil
calendar, or false if using the religious, astronomical
calendar. |
void |
setCivil(boolean beCivil)
Determines whether this object uses the fixed-cycle Islamic civil calendar or an approximation of the religious, astronomical calendar. |
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
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finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
Field Detail |
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public static final int MUHARRAM
public static final int SAFAR
public static final int RABI_1
public static final int RABI_2
public static final int JUMADA_1
public static final int JUMADA_2
public static final int RAJAB
public static final int SHABAN
public static final int RAMADAN
public static final int SHAWWAL
public static final int DHU_AL_QIDAH
public static final int DHU_AL_HIJJAH
Constructor Detail |
---|
public IslamicCalendar()
IslamicCalendar
using the current time
in the default time zone with the default locale.
public IslamicCalendar(TimeZone zone)
IslamicCalendar
based on the current time
in the given time zone with the default locale.
zone
- the given time zone.public IslamicCalendar(Locale aLocale)
IslamicCalendar
based on the current time
in the default time zone with the given locale.
aLocale
- the given locale.public IslamicCalendar(ULocale locale)
IslamicCalendar
based on the current time
in the default time zone with the given locale.
locale
- the given ulocale.public IslamicCalendar(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale)
IslamicCalendar
based on the current time
in the given time zone with the given locale.
zone
- the given time zone.aLocale
- the given locale.public IslamicCalendar(TimeZone zone, ULocale locale)
IslamicCalendar
based on the current time
in the given time zone with the given locale.
zone
- the given time zone.locale
- the given ulocale.public IslamicCalendar(Date date)
IslamicCalendar
with the given date set
in the default time zone with the default locale.
date
- The date to which the new calendar is set.public IslamicCalendar(int year, int month, int date)
IslamicCalendar
with the given date set
in the default time zone with the default locale.
year
- the value used to set the YEAR
time field in the calendar.month
- the value used to set the MONTH
time field in the calendar.
Note that the month value is 0-based. e.g., 0 for Muharram.date
- the value used to set the DATE
time field in the calendar.public IslamicCalendar(int year, int month, int date, int hour, int minute, int second)
IslamicCalendar
with the given date
and time set for the default time zone with the default locale.
year
- the value used to set the YEAR
time field in the calendar.month
- the value used to set the MONTH
time field in the calendar.
Note that the month value is 0-based. e.g., 0 for Muharram.date
- the value used to set the DATE
time field in the calendar.hour
- the value used to set the HOUR_OF_DAY
time field
in the calendar.minute
- the value used to set the MINUTE
time field
in the calendar.second
- the value used to set the SECOND
time field
in the calendar.Method Detail |
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public void setCivil(boolean beCivil)
beCivil
- true
to use the civil calendar,
false
to use the astronomical calendar.public boolean isCivil()
true
if this object is using the fixed-cycle civil
calendar, or false
if using the religious, astronomical
calendar.
protected int handleGetLimit(int field, int limitType)
Calendar
ERA YEAR MONTH WEEK_OF_YEAR WEEK_OF_MONTH DAY_OF_MONTH DAY_OF_YEAR DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH YEAR_WOY EXTENDED_YEAR
handleGetLimit
in class Calendar
field
- one of the above field numberslimitType
- one of MINIMUM
, GREATEST_MINIMUM
,
LEAST_MAXIMUM
, or MAXIMUM
protected int handleGetMonthLength(int extendedYear, int month)
handleGetMonthLength
in class Calendar
extendedYear
- The hijri yearmonth
- The hijri month, 0-basedprotected int handleGetYearLength(int extendedYear)
handleGetYearLength
in class Calendar
protected int handleComputeMonthStart(int eyear, int month, boolean useMonth)
Calendar
handleComputeMonthStart
in class Calendar
eyear
- the extended yearmonth
- the zero-based month, or 0 if useMonth is falseuseMonth
- if false, compute the day before the first day of
the given year, otherwise, compute the day before the first day of
the given month
protected int handleGetExtendedYear()
Calendar
handleGetExtendedYear
in class Calendar
protected void handleComputeFields(int julianDay)
handleComputeFields
in class Calendar
public String getType()
getType
in class Calendar
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