UTF16 (icu4j)

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com.ibm.icu.text
Class UTF16

java.lang.Object
  com.ibm.icu.text.UTF16

public final class UTF16
extends Object
extends Object

Standalone utility class providing UTF16 character conversions and indexing conversions.

Code that uses strings alone rarely need modification. By design, UTF-16 does not allow overlap, so searching for strings is a safe operation. Similarly, concatenation is always safe. Substringing is safe if the start and end are both on UTF-32 boundaries. In normal code, the values for start and end are on those boundaries, since they arose from operations like searching. If not, the nearest UTF-32 boundaries can be determined using bounds().

Examples:

The following examples illustrate use of some of these methods.

 // iteration forwards: Original
 for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
     char ch = s.charAt(i);
     doSomethingWith(ch);
 }
 
 // iteration forwards: Changes for UTF-32
 int ch;
 for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i += UTF16.getCharCount(ch)) {
     ch = UTF16.charAt(s, i);
     doSomethingWith(ch);
 }
 
 // iteration backwards: Original
 for (int i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
     char ch = s.charAt(i);
     doSomethingWith(ch);
 }
 
 // iteration backwards: Changes for UTF-32
 int ch;
 for (int i = s.length() - 1; i > 0; i -= UTF16.getCharCount(ch)) {
     ch = UTF16.charAt(s, i);
     doSomethingWith(ch);
 }

Notes:

Naming: For clarity, High and Low surrogates are called Lead and Trail in the API, which gives a better sense of their ordering in a string. offset16 and offset32 are used to distinguish offsets to UTF-16 boundaries vs offsets to UTF-32 boundaries. int char32 is used to contain UTF-32 characters, as opposed to char16, which is a UTF-16 code unit.
Roundtripping Offsets: You can always roundtrip from a UTF-32 offset to a UTF-16 offset and back. Because of the difference in structure, you can roundtrip from a UTF-16 offset to a UTF-32 offset and back if and only if bounds(string, offset16) != TRAIL.
Exceptions: The error checking will throw an exception if indices are out of bounds. Other than than that, all methods will behave reasonably, even if unmatched surrogates or out-of-bounds UTF-32 values are present. UCharacter.isLegal() can be used to check for validity if desired.
Unmatched Surrogates: If the string contains unmatched surrogates, then these are counted as one UTF-32 value. This matches their iteration behavior, which is vital. It also matches common display practice as missing glyphs (see the Unicode Standard Section 5.4, 5.5).
Optimization: The method implementations may need optimization if the compiler doesn't fold static final methods. Since surrogate pairs will form an exceeding small percentage of all the text in the world, the singleton case should always be optimized for.

Author:: Mark Davis, with help from Markus Scherer
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

Nested Class Summary
`static class`	`UTF16.StringComparator` UTF16 string comparator class.

Field Summary
`static int`	`CODEPOINT_MAX_VALUE` The highest Unicode code point value (scalar value) according to the Unicode Standard.
`static int`	`CODEPOINT_MIN_VALUE` The lowest Unicode code point value.
`static int`	`LEAD_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY` Value returned in `bounds()`.
`static int`	`LEAD_SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE` Lead surrogate maximum value
`static int`	`LEAD_SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE` Lead surrogate minimum value
`static int`	`SINGLE_CHAR_BOUNDARY` Value returned in `bounds()`.
`static int`	`SUPPLEMENTARY_MIN_VALUE` The minimum value for Supplementary code points
`static int`	`SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE` Maximum surrogate value
`static int`	`SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE` Surrogate minimum value
`static int`	`TRAIL_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY` Value returned in `bounds()`.
`static int`	`TRAIL_SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE` Trail surrogate maximum value
`static int`	`TRAIL_SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE` Trail surrogate minimum value

Method Summary
`static int`	`append(char[] target, int limit, int char32)` Adds a codepoint to offset16 position of the argument char array.
`static StringBuffer`	`append(StringBuffer target, int char32)` Append a single UTF-32 value to the end of a StringBuffer.
`static StringBuffer`	`appendCodePoint(StringBuffer target, int cp)` Cover JDK 1.5 APIs.
`static int`	`bounds(char[] source, int start, int limit, int offset16)` Returns the type of the boundaries around the char at offset16.
`static int`	`bounds(StringBuffer source, int offset16)` Returns the type of the boundaries around the char at offset16.
`static int`	`bounds(String source, int offset16)` Returns the type of the boundaries around the char at offset16.
`static int`	`charAt(char[] source, int start, int limit, int offset16)` Extract a single UTF-32 value from a substring.
`static int`	`charAt(CharSequence source, int offset16)` Extract a single UTF-32 value from a string.
`static int`	`charAt(Replaceable source, int offset16)` Extract a single UTF-32 value from a string.
`static int`	`charAt(StringBuffer source, int offset16)` Extract a single UTF-32 value from a string.
`static int`	`charAt(String source, int offset16)` Extract a single UTF-32 value from a string.
`static int`	`countCodePoint(char[] source, int start, int limit)` Number of codepoints in a UTF16 char array substring
`static int`	`countCodePoint(String source)` Number of codepoints in a UTF16 String
`static int`	`countCodePoint(StringBuffer source)` Number of codepoints in a UTF16 String buffer
`static int`	`delete(char[] target, int limit, int offset16)` Removes the codepoint at the specified position in this target (shortening target by 1 character if the codepoint is a non-supplementary, 2 otherwise).
`static StringBuffer`	`delete(StringBuffer target, int offset16)` Removes the codepoint at the specified position in this target (shortening target by 1 character if the codepoint is a non-supplementary, 2 otherwise).
`static int`	`findCodePointOffset(char[] source, int start, int limit, int offset16)` Returns the UTF-32 offset corresponding to the first UTF-32 boundary at the given UTF-16 offset.
`static int`	`findCodePointOffset(StringBuffer source, int offset16)` Returns the UTF-32 offset corresponding to the first UTF-32 boundary at the given UTF-16 offset.
`static int`	`findCodePointOffset(String source, int offset16)` Returns the UTF-32 offset corresponding to the first UTF-32 boundary at or after the given UTF-16 offset.
`static int`	`findOffsetFromCodePoint(char[] source, int start, int limit, int offset32)` Returns the UTF-16 offset that corresponds to a UTF-32 offset.
`static int`	`findOffsetFromCodePoint(StringBuffer source, int offset32)` Returns the UTF-16 offset that corresponds to a UTF-32 offset.
`static int`	`findOffsetFromCodePoint(String source, int offset32)` Returns the UTF-16 offset that corresponds to a UTF-32 offset.
`static int`	`getCharCount(int char32)` Determines how many chars this char32 requires.
`static char`	`getLeadSurrogate(int char32)` Returns the lead surrogate.
`static char`	`getTrailSurrogate(int char32)` Returns the trail surrogate.
`static boolean`	`hasMoreCodePointsThan(char[] source, int start, int limit, int number)` Check if the sub-range of char array, from argument start to limit, contains more Unicode code points than a certain number.
`static boolean`	`hasMoreCodePointsThan(StringBuffer source, int number)` Check if the string buffer contains more Unicode code points than a certain number.
`static boolean`	`hasMoreCodePointsThan(String source, int number)` Check if the string contains more Unicode code points than a certain number.
`static int`	`indexOf(String source, int char32)` Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the first occurrence of the argument codepoint.
`static int`	`indexOf(String source, int char32, int fromIndex)` Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the first occurrence of the argument codepoint.
`static int`	`indexOf(String source, String str)` Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the first occurrence of the argument string str.
`static int`	`indexOf(String source, String str, int fromIndex)` Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the first occurrence of the argument string str.
`static int`	`insert(char[] target, int limit, int offset16, int char32)` Inserts char32 codepoint into target at the argument offset16.
`static StringBuffer`	`insert(StringBuffer target, int offset16, int char32)` Inserts char32 codepoint into target at the argument offset16.
`static boolean`	`isLeadSurrogate(char char16)` Determines whether the character is a lead surrogate.
`static boolean`	`isSurrogate(char char16)` Determines whether the code value is a surrogate.
`static boolean`	`isTrailSurrogate(char char16)` Determines whether the character is a trail surrogate.
`static int`	`lastIndexOf(String source, int char32)` Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the last occurrence of the argument codepoint.
`static int`	`lastIndexOf(String source, int char32, int fromIndex)` Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the last occurrence of the argument codepoint, where the result is less than or equals to fromIndex.
`static int`	`lastIndexOf(String source, String str)` Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the last occurrence of the argument string str.
`static int`	`lastIndexOf(String source, String str, int fromIndex)` Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the last occurrence of the argument string str, where the result is less than or equals to fromIndex.
`static int`	`moveCodePointOffset(char[] source, int start, int limit, int offset16, int shift32)` Shifts offset16 by the argument number of codepoints within a subarray.
`static int`	`moveCodePointOffset(StringBuffer source, int offset16, int shift32)` Shifts offset16 by the argument number of codepoints
`static int`	`moveCodePointOffset(String source, int offset16, int shift32)` Shifts offset16 by the argument number of codepoints
`static String`	`newString(int[] codePoints, int offset, int count)` Cover JDK 1.5 API.
`static String`	`replace(String source, int oldChar32, int newChar32)` Returns a new UTF16 format Unicode string resulting from replacing all occurrences of oldChar32 in source with newChar32.
`static String`	`replace(String source, String oldStr, String newStr)` Returns a new UTF16 format Unicode string resulting from replacing all occurrences of oldStr in source with newStr.
`static StringBuffer`	`reverse(StringBuffer source)` Reverses a UTF16 format Unicode string and replaces source's content with it.
`static int`	`setCharAt(char[] target, int limit, int offset16, int char32)` Set a code point into a UTF16 position in a char array.
`static void`	`setCharAt(StringBuffer target, int offset16, int char32)` Set a code point into a UTF16 position.
`static String`	`valueOf(char[] source, int start, int limit, int offset16)` Convenience method.
`static String`	`valueOf(int char32)` Convenience method corresponding to String.valueOf(char).
`static String`	`valueOf(StringBuffer source, int offset16)` Convenience method corresponding to StringBuffer.valueOf(codepoint at offset16).
`static String`	`valueOf(String source, int offset16)` Convenience method corresponding to String.valueOf(codepoint at offset16).

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

SINGLE_CHAR_BOUNDARY

public static final int SINGLE_CHAR_BOUNDARY

Value returned in


 bounds()

. These values are chosen specifically so that it actually represents the position of the character [offset16 - (value >> 2), offset16 + (value & 3)]

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

LEAD_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY

public static final int LEAD_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY

Value returned in


 bounds()

. These values are chosen specifically so that it actually represents the position of the character [offset16 - (value >> 2), offset16 + (value & 3)]

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

TRAIL_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY

public static final int TRAIL_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY

Value returned in


 bounds()

. These values are chosen specifically so that it actually represents the position of the character [offset16 - (value >> 2), offset16 + (value & 3)]

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

CODEPOINT_MIN_VALUE

public static final int CODEPOINT_MIN_VALUE

The lowest Unicode code point value.

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

CODEPOINT_MAX_VALUE

public static final int CODEPOINT_MAX_VALUE

The highest Unicode code point value (scalar value) according to the Unicode Standard.

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

SUPPLEMENTARY_MIN_VALUE

public static final int SUPPLEMENTARY_MIN_VALUE

The minimum value for Supplementary code points

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

LEAD_SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

public static final int LEAD_SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

Lead surrogate minimum value

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

TRAIL_SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

public static final int TRAIL_SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

Trail surrogate minimum value

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

LEAD_SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

public static final int LEAD_SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

Lead surrogate maximum value

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

TRAIL_SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

public static final int TRAIL_SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

Trail surrogate maximum value

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

public static final int SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

Surrogate minimum value

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

public static final int SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

Maximum surrogate value

See Also:: Constant Field Values
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

Method Detail

charAt

public static int charAt(String source,
                         int offset16)

Extract a single UTF-32 value from a string. Used when iterating forwards or backwards (with UTF16.getCharCount(), as well as random access. If a validity check is required, use


 UCharacter.isLegal()

on the return value. If the char retrieved is part of a surrogate pair, its supplementary character will be returned. If a complete supplementary character is not found the incomplete character will be returned

Parameters:: source - Array of UTF-16 chars; offset16 - UTF-16 offset to the start of the character.
Returns:: UTF-32 value for the UTF-32 value that contains the char at offset16. The boundaries of that codepoint are the same as in bounds32().
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

charAt

public static int charAt(CharSequence source,
                         int offset16)

Extract a single UTF-32 value from a string. Used when iterating forwards or backwards (with UTF16.getCharCount(), as well as random access. If a validity check is required, use


 UCharacter.isLegal()

Parameters:: source - Array of UTF-16 chars; offset16 - UTF-16 offset to the start of the character.
Returns:: UTF-32 value for the UTF-32 value that contains the char at offset16. The boundaries of that codepoint are the same as in bounds32().
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

charAt

public static int charAt(StringBuffer source,
                         int offset16)

Extract a single UTF-32 value from a string. Used when iterating forwards or backwards (with UTF16.getCharCount(), as well as random access. If a validity check is required, use

UCharacter.isLegal()

Parameters:: source - UTF-16 chars string buffer; offset16 - UTF-16 offset to the start of the character.
Returns:: UTF-32 value for the UTF-32 value that contains the char at offset16. The boundaries of that codepoint are the same as in bounds32().
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

charAt

public static int charAt(char[] source,
                         int start,
                         int limit,
                         int offset16)

Extract a single UTF-32 value from a substring. Used when iterating forwards or backwards (with UTF16.getCharCount(), as well as random access. If a validity check is required, use

UCharacter.isLegal()

Parameters:: source - Array of UTF-16 chars; start - Offset to substring in the source array for analyzing; limit - Offset to substring in the source array for analyzing; offset16 - UTF-16 offset relative to start
Returns:: UTF-32 value for the UTF-32 value that contains the char at offset16. The boundaries of that codepoint are the same as in bounds32().
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is not within the range of start and limit.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

charAt

public static int charAt(Replaceable source,
                         int offset16)

Extract a single UTF-32 value from a string. Used when iterating forwards or backwards (with UTF16.getCharCount(), as well as random access. If a validity check is required, use

UCharacter.isLegal()

Parameters:: source - UTF-16 chars string buffer; offset16 - UTF-16 offset to the start of the character.
Returns:: UTF-32 value for the UTF-32 value that contains the char at offset16. The boundaries of that codepoint are the same as in bounds32().
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

getCharCount

public static int getCharCount(int char32)

Determines how many chars this char32 requires. If a validity check is required, use


 isLegal()

on char32 before calling.

Parameters:: char32 - The input codepoint.
Returns:: 2 if is in supplementary space, otherwise 1.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

bounds

public static int bounds(String source,
                         int offset16)

Returns the type of the boundaries around the char at offset16. Used for random access.

Parameters:

source - Text to analyse

offset16 - UTF-16 offset

Returns:

SINGLE_CHAR_BOUNDARY : a single char; the bounds are [offset16, offset16+1]
LEAD_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY : a surrogate pair starting at offset16; the bounds are [offset16, offset16 + 2]
TRAIL_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY : a surrogate pair starting at offset16 - 1; the bounds are [offset16 - 1, offset16 + 1]

For bit-twiddlers, the return values for these are chosen so that the boundaries can be gotten by: [offset16 - (value >> 2), offset16 + (value & 3)].

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset16 is out of bounds.

Status:

Stable ICU 2.1.

bounds

public static int bounds(StringBuffer source,
                         int offset16)

Returns the type of the boundaries around the char at offset16. Used for random access.

Parameters:

source - String buffer to analyse

offset16 - UTF16 offset

Returns:

SINGLE_CHAR_BOUNDARY : a single char; the bounds are [offset16, offset16 + 1]
LEAD_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY : a surrogate pair starting at offset16; the bounds are [offset16, offset16 + 2]
TRAIL_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY : a surrogate pair starting at offset16 - 1; the bounds are [offset16 - 1, offset16 + 1]

For bit-twiddlers, the return values for these are chosen so that the boundaries can be gotten by: [offset16 - (value >> 2), offset16 + (value & 3)].

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset16 is out of bounds.

Status:

Stable ICU 2.1.

bounds

public static int bounds(char[] source,
                         int start,
                         int limit,
                         int offset16)

Returns the type of the boundaries around the char at offset16. Used for random access. Note that the boundaries are determined with respect to the subarray, hence the char array {0xD800, 0xDC00} has the result SINGLE_CHAR_BOUNDARY for start = offset16 = 0 and limit = 1.

Parameters:

source - Char array to analyse

start - Offset to substring in the source array for analyzing

limit - Offset to substring in the source array for analyzing

offset16 - UTF16 offset relative to start

Returns:

SINGLE_CHAR_BOUNDARY : a single char; the bounds are
LEAD_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY : a surrogate pair starting at offset16; the bounds are [offset16, offset16 + 2]
TRAIL_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY : a surrogate pair starting at offset16 - 1; the bounds are [offset16 - 1, offset16 + 1]

For bit-twiddlers, the boundary values for these are chosen so that the boundaries can be gotten by: [offset16 - (boundvalue >> 2), offset16 + (boundvalue & 3)].

Throws:

IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset16 is not within the range of start and limit.

Status:

Stable ICU 2.1.

isSurrogate

public static boolean isSurrogate(char char16)

Determines whether the code value is a surrogate.

Parameters:: char16 - The input character.
Returns:: true If the input character is a surrogate.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

isTrailSurrogate

public static boolean isTrailSurrogate(char char16)

Determines whether the character is a trail surrogate.

Parameters:: char16 - The input character.
Returns:: true If the input character is a trail surrogate.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

isLeadSurrogate

public static boolean isLeadSurrogate(char char16)

Determines whether the character is a lead surrogate.

Parameters:: char16 - The input character.
Returns:: true If the input character is a lead surrogate
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

getLeadSurrogate

public static char getLeadSurrogate(int char32)

Returns the lead surrogate. If a validity check is required, use isLegal() on char32 before calling.

Parameters:: char32 - The input character.
Returns:: lead surrogate if the getCharCount(ch) is 2;
and 0 otherwise (note: 0 is not a valid lead surrogate).
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

getTrailSurrogate

public static char getTrailSurrogate(int char32)

Returns the trail surrogate. If a validity check is required, use isLegal() on char32 before calling.

Parameters:: char32 - The input character.
Returns:: the trail surrogate if the getCharCount(ch) is 2;
otherwise the character itself
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

valueOf

public static String valueOf(int char32)

Convenience method corresponding to String.valueOf(char). Returns a one or two char string containing the UTF-32 value in UTF16 format. If a validity check is required, use isLegal() on char32 before calling.

Parameters:: char32 - The input character.
Returns:: string value of char32 in UTF16 format
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - Thrown if char32 is a invalid codepoint.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

valueOf

public static String valueOf(String source,
                             int offset16)

Convenience method corresponding to String.valueOf(codepoint at offset16). Returns a one or two char string containing the UTF-32 value in UTF16 format. If offset16 indexes a surrogate character, the whole supplementary codepoint will be returned. If a validity check is required, use isLegal() on the codepoint at offset16 before calling. The result returned will be a newly created String obtained by calling source.substring(..) with the appropriate indexes.

Parameters:: source - The input string.; offset16 - The UTF16 index to the codepoint in source
Returns:: string value of char32 in UTF16 format
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

valueOf

public static String valueOf(StringBuffer source,
                             int offset16)

Convenience method corresponding to StringBuffer.valueOf(codepoint at offset16). Returns a one or two char string containing the UTF-32 value in UTF16 format. If offset16 indexes a surrogate character, the whole supplementary codepoint will be returned. If a validity check is required, use isLegal() on the codepoint at offset16 before calling. The result returned will be a newly created String obtained by calling source.substring(..) with the appropriate indexes.

Parameters:: source - The input string buffer.; offset16 - The UTF16 index to the codepoint in source
Returns:: string value of char32 in UTF16 format
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

valueOf

public static String valueOf(char[] source,
                             int start,
                             int limit,
                             int offset16)

Convenience method. Returns a one or two char string containing the UTF-32 value in UTF16 format. If offset16 indexes a surrogate character, the whole supplementary codepoint will be returned, except when either the leading or trailing surrogate character lies out of the specified subarray. In the latter case, only the surrogate character within bounds will be returned. If a validity check is required, use isLegal() on the codepoint at offset16 before calling. The result returned will be a newly created String containing the relevant characters.

Parameters:: source - The input char array.; start - Start index of the subarray; limit - End index of the subarray; offset16 - The UTF16 index to the codepoint in source relative to start
Returns:: string value of char32 in UTF16 format
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

findOffsetFromCodePoint

public static int findOffsetFromCodePoint(String source,
                                          int offset32)

Returns the UTF-16 offset that corresponds to a UTF-32 offset. Used for random access. See the class description for notes on roundtripping.

Parameters:: source - The UTF-16 string; offset32 - UTF-32 offset
Returns:: UTF-16 offset
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset32 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

findOffsetFromCodePoint

public static int findOffsetFromCodePoint(StringBuffer source,
                                          int offset32)

Returns the UTF-16 offset that corresponds to a UTF-32 offset. Used for random access. See the class description for notes on roundtripping.

Parameters:: source - The UTF-16 string buffer; offset32 - UTF-32 offset
Returns:: UTF-16 offset
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset32 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

findOffsetFromCodePoint

public static int findOffsetFromCodePoint(char[] source,
                                          int start,
                                          int limit,
                                          int offset32)

Returns the UTF-16 offset that corresponds to a UTF-32 offset. Used for random access. See the class description for notes on roundtripping.

Parameters:: source - The UTF-16 char array whose substring is to be analysed; start - Offset of the substring to be analysed; limit - Offset of the substring to be analysed; offset32 - UTF-32 offset relative to start
Returns:: UTF-16 offset relative to start
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset32 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

findCodePointOffset

public static int findCodePointOffset(String source,
                                      int offset16)

Returns the UTF-32 offset corresponding to the first UTF-32 boundary at or after the given UTF-16 offset. Used for random access. See the class description for notes on roundtripping.
Note: If the UTF-16 offset is into the middle of a surrogate pair, then the UTF-32 offset of the lead of the pair is returned.

To find the UTF-32 length of a string, use:

 len32 = countCodePoint(source, source.length());

Parameters:: source - Text to analyse; offset16 - UTF-16 offset < source text length.
Returns:: UTF-32 offset
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset16 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

findCodePointOffset

public static int findCodePointOffset(StringBuffer source,
                                      int offset16)

Returns the UTF-32 offset corresponding to the first UTF-32 boundary at the given UTF-16 offset. Used for random access. See the class description for notes on roundtripping.
Note: If the UTF-16 offset is into the middle of a surrogate pair, then the UTF-32 offset of the lead of the pair is returned.

To find the UTF-32 length of a string, use:

 len32 = countCodePoint(source);

Parameters:: source - Text to analyse; offset16 - UTF-16 offset < source text length.
Returns:: UTF-32 offset
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset16 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

findCodePointOffset

public static int findCodePointOffset(char[] source,
                                      int start,
                                      int limit,
                                      int offset16)

To find the UTF-32 length of a substring, use:

 len32 = countCodePoint(source, start, limit);

Parameters:: source - Text to analyse; start - Offset of the substring; limit - Offset of the substring; offset16 - UTF-16 relative to start
Returns:: UTF-32 offset relative to start
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If offset16 is not within the range of start and limit.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

append

public static StringBuffer append(StringBuffer target,
                                  int char32)

Append a single UTF-32 value to the end of a StringBuffer. If a validity check is required, use isLegal() on char32 before calling.

Parameters:: target - The buffer to append to; char32 - Value to append.
Returns:: the updated StringBuffer
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - Thrown when char32 does not lie within the range of the Unicode codepoints
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

appendCodePoint

public static StringBuffer appendCodePoint(StringBuffer target,
                                           int cp)

Cover JDK 1.5 APIs. Append the code point to the buffer and return the buffer as a convenience.

Parameters:: target - The buffer to append to; cp - The code point to append
Returns:: the updated StringBuffer
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - If cp is not a valid code point
Status:: Stable ICU 3.0.

append

public static int append(char[] target,
                         int limit,
                         int char32)

Adds a codepoint to offset16 position of the argument char array.

Parameters:: target - Char array to be append with the new code point; limit - UTF16 offset which the codepoint will be appended.; char32 - Code point to be appended
Returns:: offset after char32 in the array.
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - Thrown if there is not enough space for the append, or when char32 does not lie within the range of the Unicode codepoints.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

countCodePoint

public static int countCodePoint(String source)

Number of codepoints in a UTF16 String

Parameters:: source - UTF16 string
Returns:: number of codepoint in string
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

countCodePoint

public static int countCodePoint(StringBuffer source)

Number of codepoints in a UTF16 String buffer

Parameters:: source - UTF16 string buffer
Returns:: number of codepoint in string
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

countCodePoint

public static int countCodePoint(char[] source,
                                 int start,
                                 int limit)

Number of codepoints in a UTF16 char array substring

Parameters:: source - UTF16 char array; start - Offset of the substring; limit - Offset of the substring
Returns:: number of codepoint in the substring
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If start and limit are not valid.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

setCharAt

public static void setCharAt(StringBuffer target,
                             int offset16,
                             int char32)

Set a code point into a UTF16 position. Adjusts target according if we are replacing a non-supplementary codepoint with a supplementary and vice versa.

Parameters:: target - Stringbuffer; offset16 - UTF16 position to insert into; char32 - Code point
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

setCharAt

public static int setCharAt(char[] target,
                            int limit,
                            int offset16,
                            int char32)

Set a code point into a UTF16 position in a char array. Adjusts target according if we are replacing a non-supplementary codepoint with a supplementary and vice versa.

Parameters:: target - char array; limit - numbers of valid chars in target, different from target.length. limit counts the number of chars in target that represents a string, not the size of array target.; offset16 - UTF16 position to insert into; char32 - code point
Returns:: new number of chars in target that represents a string
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - if offset16 is out of range
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

moveCodePointOffset

public static int moveCodePointOffset(String source,
                                      int offset16,
                                      int shift32)

Shifts offset16 by the argument number of codepoints

Parameters:: source - string; offset16 - UTF16 position to shift; shift32 - number of codepoints to shift
Returns:: new shifted offset16
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the new offset16 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

moveCodePointOffset

public static int moveCodePointOffset(StringBuffer source,
                                      int offset16,
                                      int shift32)

Shifts offset16 by the argument number of codepoints

Parameters:: source - String buffer; offset16 - UTF16 position to shift; shift32 - Number of codepoints to shift
Returns:: new shifted offset16
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If the new offset16 is out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

moveCodePointOffset

public static int moveCodePointOffset(char[] source,
                                      int start,
                                      int limit,
                                      int offset16,
                                      int shift32)

Shifts offset16 by the argument number of codepoints within a subarray.

Parameters:: source - Char array; start - Position of the subarray to be performed on; limit - Position of the subarray to be performed on; offset16 - UTF16 position to shift relative to start; shift32 - Number of codepoints to shift
Returns:: new shifted offset16 relative to start
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - If the new offset16 is out of bounds with respect to the subarray or the subarray bounds are out of range.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

insert

public static StringBuffer insert(StringBuffer target,
                                  int offset16,
                                  int char32)

Inserts char32 codepoint into target at the argument offset16. If the offset16 is in the middle of a supplementary codepoint, char32 will be inserted after the supplementary codepoint. The length of target increases by one if codepoint is non-supplementary, 2 otherwise.

The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a string by the method valueOf(char) and the characters in that string were then inserted into target at the position indicated by offset16.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of source.

Parameters:: target - String buffer to insert to; offset16 - Offset which char32 will be inserted in; char32 - Codepoint to be inserted
Returns:: a reference to target
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is invalid.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

insert

public static int insert(char[] target,
                         int limit,
                         int offset16,
                         int char32)

Inserts char32 codepoint into target at the argument offset16. If the offset16 is in the middle of a supplementary codepoint, char32 will be inserted after the supplementary codepoint. Limit increases by one if codepoint is non-supplementary, 2 otherwise.

The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the limit.

Parameters:: target - Char array to insert to; limit - End index of the char array, limit <= target.length; offset16 - Offset which char32 will be inserted in; char32 - Codepoint to be inserted
Returns:: new limit size
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is invalid.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

delete

public static StringBuffer delete(StringBuffer target,
                                  int offset16)

Removes the codepoint at the specified position in this target (shortening target by 1 character if the codepoint is a non-supplementary, 2 otherwise).

Parameters:: target - String buffer to remove codepoint from; offset16 - Offset which the codepoint will be removed
Returns:: a reference to target
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is invalid.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

delete

public static int delete(char[] target,
                         int limit,
                         int offset16)

Removes the codepoint at the specified position in this target (shortening target by 1 character if the codepoint is a non-supplementary, 2 otherwise).

Parameters:: target - String buffer to remove codepoint from; limit - End index of the char array, limit <= target.length; offset16 - Offset which the codepoint will be removed
Returns:: a new limit size
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown if offset16 is invalid.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.1.

indexOf

public static int indexOf(String source,
                          int char32)

Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the first occurrence of the argument codepoint. I.e., the smallest index i such that

UTF16.charAt(source, i) ==
 char32

is true.

If no such character occurs in this string, then -1 is returned.

Examples:
UTF16.indexOf("abc", 'a') returns 0
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", 0x10000) returns 3
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", 0xd800) returns -1

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string that will be searched; char32 - Codepoint to search for
Returns:: the index of the first occurrence of the codepoint in the argument Unicode string, or -1 if the codepoint does not occur.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

indexOf

public static int indexOf(String source,
                          String str)

Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the first occurrence of the argument string str. This method is implemented based on codepoints, hence a "lead surrogate character + trail surrogate character" is treated as one entity.e Hence if the str starts with trail surrogate character at index 0, a source with a leading a surrogate character before str found at in source will not have a valid match. Vice versa for lead surrogates that ends str. See example below.

If no such string str occurs in this source, then -1 is returned.

Examples:
UTF16.indexOf("abc", "ab") returns 0
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", "𐀀") returns 3
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", "?") returns -1

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string that will be searched; str - UTF16 format Unicode string to search for
Returns:: the index of the first occurrence of the codepoint in the argument Unicode string, or -1 if the codepoint does not occur.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

indexOf

public static int indexOf(String source,
                          int char32,
                          int fromIndex)

Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the first occurrence of the argument codepoint. I.e., the smallest index i such that:
(UTF16.charAt(source, i) == char32 && i >= fromIndex) is true.

If no such character occurs in this string, then -1 is returned.

Examples:
UTF16.indexOf("abc", 'a', 1) returns -1
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", 0x10000, 1) returns 3
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", 0xd800, 1) returns -1

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string that will be searched; char32 - Codepoint to search for; fromIndex - The index to start the search from.
Returns:: the index of the first occurrence of the codepoint in the argument Unicode string at or after fromIndex, or -1 if the codepoint does not occur.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

indexOf

public static int indexOf(String source,
                          String str,
                          int fromIndex)

If no such string str occurs in this source, then -1 is returned.

Examples:
UTF16.indexOf("abc", "ab", 0) returns 0
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", "𐀀", 0) returns 3
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", "𐀀", 2) returns 3
UTF16.indexOf("abc𐀀", "?", 0) returns -1

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string that will be searched; str - UTF16 format Unicode string to search for; fromIndex - The index to start the search from.
Returns:: the index of the first occurrence of the codepoint in the argument Unicode string, or -1 if the codepoint does not occur.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

lastIndexOf

public static int lastIndexOf(String source,
                              int char32)

Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the last occurrence of the argument codepoint. I.e., the index returned is the largest value i such that: UTF16.charAt(source, i) == char32 is true.

Examples:
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc", 'a') returns 0
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", 0x10000) returns 3
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", 0xd800) returns -1

source is searched backwards starting at the last character.

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string that will be searched; char32 - Codepoint to search for
Returns:: the index of the last occurrence of the codepoint in source, or -1 if the codepoint does not occur.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

lastIndexOf

public static int lastIndexOf(String source,
                              String str)

Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the last occurrence of the argument string str. This method is implemented based on codepoints, hence a "lead surrogate character + trail surrogate character" is treated as one entity.e Hence if the str starts with trail surrogate character at index 0, a source with a leading a surrogate character before str found at in source will not have a valid match. Vice versa for lead surrogates that ends str. See example below.

Examples:
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc", "a") returns 0
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", "𐀀") returns 3
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", "?") returns -1

source is searched backwards starting at the last character.

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string that will be searched; str - UTF16 format Unicode string to search for
Returns:: the index of the last occurrence of the codepoint in source, or -1 if the codepoint does not occur.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

lastIndexOf

public static int lastIndexOf(String source,
                              int char32,
                              int fromIndex)

Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the last occurrence of the argument codepoint, where the result is less than or equals to fromIndex.

This method is implemented based on codepoints, hence a single surrogate character will not match a supplementary character.

source is searched backwards starting at the last character starting at the specified index.

Examples:
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc", 'c', 2) returns 2
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc", 'c', 1) returns -1
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", 0x10000, 5) returns 3
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", 0x10000, 3) returns 3
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", 0xd800) returns -1

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string that will be searched; char32 - Codepoint to search for; fromIndex - the index to start the search from. There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is greater than or equal to the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to one less than the length of this string: this entire string may be searched. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were -1: -1 is returned.
Returns:: the index of the last occurrence of the codepoint in source, or -1 if the codepoint does not occur.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

lastIndexOf

public static int lastIndexOf(String source,
                              String str,
                              int fromIndex)

Returns the index within the argument UTF16 format Unicode string of the last occurrence of the argument string str, where the result is less than or equals to fromIndex.

This method is implemented based on codepoints, hence a "lead surrogate character + trail surrogate character" is treated as one entity. Hence if the str starts with trail surrogate character at index 0, a source with a leading a surrogate character before str found at in source will not have a valid match. Vice versa for lead surrogates that ends str.

See example below.

Examples:
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc", "c", 2) returns 2
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc", "c", 1) returns -1
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", "𐀀", 5) returns 3
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", "𐀀", 3) returns 3
UTF16.lastIndexOf("abc𐀀", "?", 4) returns -1

source is searched backwards starting at the last character.

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string that will be searched; str - UTF16 format Unicode string to search for; fromIndex - the index to start the search from. There is no restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is greater than or equal to the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to one less than the length of this string: this entire string may be searched. If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were -1: -1 is returned.
Returns:: the index of the last occurrence of the codepoint in source, or -1 if the codepoint does not occur.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

replace

public static String replace(String source,
                             int oldChar32,
                             int newChar32)

Returns a new UTF16 format Unicode string resulting from replacing all occurrences of oldChar32 in source with newChar32. If the character oldChar32 does not occur in the UTF16 format Unicode string source, then source will be returned. Otherwise, a new String object is created that represents a codepoint sequence identical to the codepoint sequence represented by source, except that every occurrence of oldChar32 is replaced by an occurrence of newChar32.

Examples:
UTF16.replace("mesquite in your cellar", 'e', 'o');
returns "mosquito in your collar"
UTF16.replace("JonL", 'q', 'x');
returns "JonL" (no change)
UTF16.replace("Supplementary character 𐀀", 0x10000, '!');
returns "Supplementary character !"
UTF16.replace("Supplementary character 𐀀", 0xd800, '!');
returns "Supplementary character 𐀀"

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string which the codepoint replacements will be based on.; oldChar32 - Non-zero old codepoint to be replaced.; newChar32 - The new codepoint to replace oldChar32
Returns:: new String derived from source by replacing every occurrence of oldChar32 with newChar32, unless when no oldChar32 is found in source then source will be returned.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

replace

public static String replace(String source,
                             String oldStr,
                             String newStr)

Returns a new UTF16 format Unicode string resulting from replacing all occurrences of oldStr in source with newStr. If the string oldStr does not occur in the UTF16 format Unicode string source, then source will be returned. Otherwise, a new String object is created that represents a codepoint sequence identical to the codepoint sequence represented by source, except that every occurrence of oldStr is replaced by an occurrence of newStr.

Examples:
UTF16.replace("mesquite in your cellar", "e", "o");
returns "mosquito in your collar"
UTF16.replace("mesquite in your cellar", "mesquite", "cat");
returns "cat in your cellar"
UTF16.replace("JonL", "q", "x");
returns "JonL" (no change)
UTF16.replace("Supplementary character 𐀀", "𐀀", '!');
returns "Supplementary character !"
UTF16.replace("Supplementary character 𐀀", "?", '!');
returns "Supplementary character 𐀀"

Note this method is provided as support to jdk 1.3, which does not support supplementary characters to its fullest.

Parameters:: source - UTF16 format Unicode string which the replacements will be based on.; oldStr - Non-zero-length string to be replaced.; newStr - The new string to replace oldStr
Returns:: new String derived from source by replacing every occurrence of oldStr with newStr. When no oldStr is found in source, then source will be returned.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

reverse

public static StringBuffer reverse(StringBuffer source)

Reverses a UTF16 format Unicode string and replaces source's content with it. This method will reverse surrogate characters correctly, instead of blindly reversing every character.

Examples:
UTF16.reverse(new StringBuffer( "Supplementary characters 𐀀𐐁"))
returns "𐐁𐀀 sretcarahc yratnemelppuS".

Parameters:: source - The source StringBuffer that contains UTF16 format Unicode string to be reversed
Returns:: a modified source with reversed UTF16 format Unicode string.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.6.

hasMoreCodePointsThan

public static boolean hasMoreCodePointsThan(String source,
                                            int number)

Check if the string contains more Unicode code points than a certain number. This is more efficient than counting all code points in the entire string and comparing that number with a threshold. This function may not need to scan the string at all if the length is within a certain range, and never needs to count more than 'number + 1' code points. Logically equivalent to (countCodePoint(s) > number). A Unicode code point may occupy either one or two code units.

Parameters:: source - The input string.; number - The number of code points in the string is compared against the 'number' parameter.
Returns:: boolean value for whether the string contains more Unicode code points than 'number'.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.4.

hasMoreCodePointsThan

public static boolean hasMoreCodePointsThan(char[] source,
                                            int start,
                                            int limit,
                                            int number)

Check if the sub-range of char array, from argument start to limit, contains more Unicode code points than a certain number. This is more efficient than counting all code points in the entire char array range and comparing that number with a threshold. This function may not need to scan the char array at all if start and limit is within a certain range, and never needs to count more than 'number + 1' code points. Logically equivalent to (countCodePoint(source, start, limit) > number). A Unicode code point may occupy either one or two code units.

Parameters:: source - Array of UTF-16 chars; start - Offset to substring in the source array for analyzing; limit - Offset to substring in the source array for analyzing; number - The number of code points in the string is compared against the 'number' parameter.
Returns:: boolean value for whether the string contains more Unicode code points than 'number'.
Throws:: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown when limit < start
Status:: Stable ICU 2.4.

hasMoreCodePointsThan

public static boolean hasMoreCodePointsThan(StringBuffer source,
                                            int number)

Check if the string buffer contains more Unicode code points than a certain number. This is more efficient than counting all code points in the entire string buffer and comparing that number with a threshold. This function may not need to scan the string buffer at all if the length is within a certain range, and never needs to count more than 'number + 1' code points. Logically equivalent to (countCodePoint(s) > number). A Unicode code point may occupy either one or two code units.

Parameters:: source - The input string buffer.; number - The number of code points in the string buffer is compared against the 'number' parameter.
Returns:: boolean value for whether the string buffer contains more Unicode code points than 'number'.
Status:: Stable ICU 2.4.

newString

public static String newString(int[] codePoints,
                               int offset,
                               int count)

Cover JDK 1.5 API. Create a String from an array of codePoints.

Parameters:: codePoints - The code array; offset - The start of the text in the code point array; count - The number of code points
Returns:: a String representing the code points between offset and count
Throws:: IllegalArgumentException - If an invalid code point is encountered; IndexOutOfBoundsException - If the offset or count are out of bounds.
Status:: Stable ICU 3.0.

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com.ibm.icu.text Class UTF16

SINGLE_CHAR_BOUNDARY

LEAD_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY

TRAIL_SURROGATE_BOUNDARY

CODEPOINT_MIN_VALUE

CODEPOINT_MAX_VALUE

SUPPLEMENTARY_MIN_VALUE

LEAD_SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

TRAIL_SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

LEAD_SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

TRAIL_SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

SURROGATE_MIN_VALUE

SURROGATE_MAX_VALUE

charAt

charAt

charAt

charAt

charAt

getCharCount

bounds

bounds

bounds

isSurrogate

isTrailSurrogate

isLeadSurrogate

getLeadSurrogate

getTrailSurrogate

valueOf

valueOf

valueOf

valueOf

findOffsetFromCodePoint

findOffsetFromCodePoint

findOffsetFromCodePoint

findCodePointOffset

findCodePointOffset

findCodePointOffset

append

appendCodePoint

append

countCodePoint

countCodePoint

countCodePoint

setCharAt

setCharAt

moveCodePointOffset

moveCodePointOffset

moveCodePointOffset

insert

insert

delete

delete

indexOf

indexOf

indexOf

indexOf

lastIndexOf

lastIndexOf

lastIndexOf

lastIndexOf

replace

replace

reverse

hasMoreCodePointsThan

hasMoreCodePointsThan

hasMoreCodePointsThan

newString

com.ibm.icu.text
Class UTF16