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java.lang.Object java.lang.Number com.ibm.icu.math.BigDecimal
public class BigDecimal
The BigDecimal
class implements immutable arbitrary-precision decimal numbers. The methods of the
BigDecimal
class provide operations for fixed and floating point arithmetic, comparison, format
conversions, and hashing.
As the numbers are decimal, there is an exact correspondence between an instance of a BigDecimal
object
and its String
representation; the BigDecimal
class provides direct conversions to and from
String
and character array (char[]
) objects, as well as conversions to and from the Java
primitive types (which may not be exact) and BigInteger
.
In the descriptions of constructors and methods in this documentation, the value of a BigDecimal
number
object is shown as the result of invoking the toString()
method on the object. The internal
representation of a decimal number is neither defined nor exposed, and is not permitted to affect the result of any
operation.
The floating point arithmetic provided by this class is defined by the ANSI X3.274-1996 standard, and is also
documented at http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal
[This URL will change.]
Operations on BigDecimal
numbers are controlled by a MathContext
object, which provides the
context (precision and other information) for the operation. Methods that can take a MathContext
parameter implement the standard arithmetic operators for BigDecimal
objects and are known as
operator methods. The default settings provided by the constant MathContext.DEFAULT
(digits=9,
form=SCIENTIFIC, lostDigits=false, roundingMode=ROUND_HALF_UP
) perform general-purpose floating point
arithmetic to nine digits of precision. The MathContext
parameter must not be null
.
Each operator method also has a version provided which does not take a MathContext
parameter. For this
version of each method, the context settings used are digits=0,
form=PLAIN, lostDigits=false, roundingMode=ROUND_HALF_UP
; these settings perform fixed point arithmetic with
unlimited precision, as defined for the original BigDecimal class in Java 1.1 and Java 1.2.
For monadic operators, only the optional MathContext
parameter is present; the operation acts upon the
current object.
For dyadic operators, a BigDecimal
parameter is always present; it must not be null
. The
operation acts with the current object being the left-hand operand and the BigDecimal
parameter being
the right-hand operand.
For example, adding two BigDecimal
objects referred to by the names award
and
extra
could be written as any of:
award.add(extra)
award.add(extra, MathContext.DEFAULT)
award.add(extra, acontext)
(where acontext
is a MathContext
object), which would return a BigDecimal
object whose value is the result of adding award
and extra
under the appropriate context
settings.
When a BigDecimal
operator method is used, a set of rules define what the result will be (and, by
implication, how the result would be represented as a character string). These rules are defined in the BigDecimal
arithmetic documentation (see the URL above), but in summary:
MathContext
parameter for an operation were MathContext.DEFAULT
then the result would be
rounded to 9 digits; the division of 2 by 3 would then result in 0.666666667. MathContext
object. This lets you calculate using as many digits as you need -- thousands, if necessary. Fixed point (scaled)
arithmetic is indicated by using a digits
setting of 0 (or omitting the MathContext
parameter). form
setting is not PLAIN
), a zero result is
always expressed as the single digit '0'
(that is, with no sign, decimal point, or exponent part).
new BigDecimal("2.40").add( new BigDecimal("2")) => "4.40"
new BigDecimal("2.40").subtract(new BigDecimal("2")) => "0.40"
new BigDecimal("2.40").multiply(new BigDecimal("2")) => "4.80"
new BigDecimal("2.40").divide( new BigDecimal("2"), def) => "1.2"
where the value on the right of the =>
would be the result of the operation, expressed as a
String
, and def
(in this and following examples) refers to MathContext.DEFAULT
). This preservation of trailing zeros is desirable for most calculations (including financial calculations). If
necessary, trailing zeros may be easily removed using division by 1.
digits
(the default is 9 digits). If the number of places needed before the decimal point exceeds the
digits
setting, or the absolute value of the number is less than 0.000001
, then the number
will be expressed in exponential notation; thus
new BigDecimal("1e+6").multiply(new BigDecimal("1e+6"), def)
results in 1E+12
instead of 1000000000000
, and
new BigDecimal("1").divide(new BigDecimal("3E+10"), def)
results in 3.33333333E-11
instead of 0.0000000000333333333
.
The form of the exponential notation (scientific or engineering) is determined by the
The names of methods in this class follow the conventions established by
Constructs a
(Note: this constructor is provided only in the
Constructs a
The
Constructs a
The
Constructs a
Using this constructor is faster than using the
Constructs a
Using this constructor is faster than using the
Constructs a
Note that this constructor it an exact conversion; it does not give the same result as converting
Constructs a
Constructs a
Constructs a
In summary, numbers in
Some valid strings from which a
(Exponential notation means that the number includes an optional sign and a power of ten following an
'E' that indicates how the decimal point will be shifted. Thus the
The
Any digits in the parameter must be decimal; that is,
The same as
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be
If the current object is zero or positive, then the same result as invoking the
The same as
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the maximum of the scales of the two operands.
Implements the addition (
The same as
Implements numeric comparison, (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
The result will be:
A
The same as
The same as
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will therefore be the same as the scale of the current
object, if the latter were formatted without exponential notation.
The same as
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the same as the scale of the current object, if
the latter were formatted without exponential notation.
Implements the division (
The same as
Implements the integer division operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
The same as
Returns the larger of the current object and the first parameter.
If calling the
The same as
Returns the smaller of the current object and the first parameter.
If calling the
The same as
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the sum of the scales of the operands, if they
were formatted without exponential notation.
Implements the multiplication (
The same as
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be be
Implements the negation (Prefix
The same as
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be be
Implements the plus (Prefix
This method is useful for rounding or otherwise applying a context to a decimal value.
The same as
The parameter is the power to which the
In addition, the power must not be negative, as no
Implements the power (
The first parameter is the power to which the
If the
The same as
This is not the modulo operator -- the result may be negative.
Implements the remainder operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
This is not the modulo operator -- the result may be negative.
The same as
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the maximum of the scales of the two operands.
Implements the subtraction (
The double produced is identical to result of expressing the
If the parameter is
"Exactly equal", here, means that the
The
The float produced is identical to result of expressing the
This method is provided as a primitive for use by more sophisticated classes, such as
The parameters, for both forms of the
The parameters,
Other rounding methods, and the use of exponential notation, can be selected by using
This method is provided as a primitive for use by more sophisticated classes, such as
The parameters are all of type
The first two parameters (
The remaining parameters control the use of exponential notation and rounding. Three (
Finally, the sixth argument,
The special value
Note that two
If the given scale (which must be zero or positive) is the same as or greater than the length of the decimal part
(the scale) of this
If the given scale is less than the length of the decimal part (the scale) of this
The same as
If the given scale (which must be zero or positive) is the same as or greater than the length of the decimal part
(the scale) of this
If the given scale is less than the length of the decimal part (the scale) of this
If
This is an exact conversion; the result is the same as if the
(Note: this method is provided only in the
Any decimal part is truncated (discarded). If an exception is desired should the decimal part be non-zero, use
An exception is thrown if the decimal part (if any) is non-zero.
By definition, using the
Returns a
The number is constructed as though
The result is given by:
A
form
setting.
java.lang.Number
,
java.math.BigInteger
, and java.math.BigDecimal
in Java 1.1 and Java 1.2.
MathContext
,
Serialized Form
Field Summary
static BigDecimal
ONE
The BigDecimal
constant "1".
static int
ROUND_CEILING
Rounding mode to round to a more positive number.
static int
ROUND_DOWN
Rounding mode to round towards zero.
static int
ROUND_FLOOR
Rounding mode to round to a more negative number.
static int
ROUND_HALF_DOWN
Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded down.
static int
ROUND_HALF_EVEN
Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded to the nearest even neighbor.
static int
ROUND_HALF_UP
Rounding mode to round to nearest neighbor, where an equidistant value is rounded up.
static int
ROUND_UNNECESSARY
Rounding mode to assert that no rounding is necessary.
static int
ROUND_UP
Rounding mode to round away from zero.
static BigDecimal
TEN
The BigDecimal
constant "10".
static BigDecimal
ZERO
The BigDecimal
constant "0".
Constructor Summary
BigDecimal(BigDecimal bd)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object from a java.math.BigDecimal
.
BigDecimal(BigInteger bi)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object from a BigInteger
, with scale 0.
BigDecimal(BigInteger bi,
int scale)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object from a BigInteger
and a scale.
BigDecimal(char[] inchars)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object from an array of characters.
BigDecimal(char[] inchars,
int offset,
int length)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object from an array of characters.
BigDecimal(double num)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object directly from a double
.
BigDecimal(int num)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object directly from a int
.
BigDecimal(long num)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object directly from a long
.
BigDecimal(String string)
Constructs a BigDecimal
object from a String
.
Method Summary
BigDecimal
abs()
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal
.
BigDecimal
abs(MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal
.
BigDecimal
add(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is this+rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
BigDecimal
add(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is this+rhs
.
byte
byteValueExact()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a byte
.
int
compareTo(BigDecimal rhs)
Compares this BigDecimal
to another, using unlimited precision.
int
compareTo(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Compares this BigDecimal
to another.
BigDecimal
divide(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
BigDecimal
divide(BigDecimal rhs,
int round)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic and a
rounding mode.
BigDecimal
divide(BigDecimal rhs,
int scale,
int round)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic and a
given scale and rounding mode.
BigDecimal
divide(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
.
BigDecimal
divideInteger(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is the integer part of this/rhs
.
BigDecimal
divideInteger(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is the integer part of this/rhs
.
double
doubleValue()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a double
.
boolean
equals(Object obj)
Compares this BigDecimal
with rhs
for equality.
float
floatValue()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a float
.
String
format(int before,
int after)
Returns the String
representation of this BigDecimal
, modified by layout parameters.
String
format(int before,
int after,
int explaces,
int exdigits,
int exformint,
int exround)
Returns the String
representation of this BigDecimal
, modified by layout parameters and
allowing exponential notation.
int
hashCode()
Returns the hashcode for this BigDecimal
.
int
intValue()
Converts this BigDecimal
to an int
.
int
intValueExact()
Converts this BigDecimal
to an int
.
long
longValue()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a long
.
long
longValueExact()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a long
.
BigDecimal
max(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is the maximum of this
and rhs
.
BigDecimal
max(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is the maximum of this
and rhs
.
BigDecimal
min(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is the minimum of this
and rhs
.
BigDecimal
min(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is the minimum of this
and rhs
.
BigDecimal
movePointLeft(int n)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose decimal point has been moved to the left by a specified number of
positions.
BigDecimal
movePointRight(int n)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose decimal point has been moved to the right by a specified number of
positions.
BigDecimal
multiply(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is this*rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
BigDecimal
multiply(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is this*rhs
.
BigDecimal
negate()
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is -this
.
BigDecimal
negate(MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is -this
.
BigDecimal
plus()
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is +this
.
BigDecimal
plus(MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is +this
.
BigDecimal
pow(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is this**rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
BigDecimal
pow(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is this**rhs
.
BigDecimal
remainder(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is the remainder of this/rhs
, using fixed point
arithmetic.
BigDecimal
remainder(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is the remainder of this/rhs
.
int
scale()
Returns the scale of this BigDecimal
.
BigDecimal
setScale(int scale)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
with a given scale.
BigDecimal
setScale(int scale,
int round)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
with a given scale.
short
shortValueExact()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a short
.
int
signum()
Returns the sign of this BigDecimal
, as an int
.
BigDecimal
subtract(BigDecimal rhs)
Returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is this-rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
BigDecimal
subtract(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
Returns a BigDecimal
whose value is this-rhs
.
BigDecimal
toBigDecimal()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a java.math.BigDecimal
.
BigInteger
toBigInteger()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a java.math.BigInteger
.
BigInteger
toBigIntegerExact()
Converts this BigDecimal
to a java.math.BigInteger
.
char[]
toCharArray()
Returns the BigDecimal
as a character array.
String
toString()
Returns the BigDecimal
as a String
.
BigInteger
unscaledValue()
Returns the number as a BigInteger
after removing the scale.
static BigDecimal
valueOf(double dub)
Translates a double
to a BigDecimal
.
static BigDecimal
valueOf(long lint)
Translates a long
to a BigDecimal
.
static BigDecimal
valueOf(long lint,
int scale)
Translates a long
to a BigDecimal
with a given scale.
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Number
byteValue, shortValue
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait
Field Detail
ZERO
public static final BigDecimal ZERO
ONE
public static final BigDecimal ONE
TEN
public static final BigDecimal TEN
ROUND_CEILING
public static final int ROUND_CEILING
MathContext.ROUND_CEILING
,
Constant Field Values
ROUND_DOWN
public static final int ROUND_DOWN
MathContext.ROUND_DOWN
,
Constant Field Values
ROUND_FLOOR
public static final int ROUND_FLOOR
MathContext.ROUND_FLOOR
,
Constant Field Values
ROUND_HALF_DOWN
public static final int ROUND_HALF_DOWN
MathContext.ROUND_HALF_DOWN
,
Constant Field Values
ROUND_HALF_EVEN
public static final int ROUND_HALF_EVEN
MathContext.ROUND_HALF_EVEN
,
Constant Field Values
ROUND_HALF_UP
public static final int ROUND_HALF_UP
MathContext.ROUND_HALF_UP
,
Constant Field Values
ROUND_UNNECESSARY
public static final int ROUND_UNNECESSARY
MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY
,
Constant Field Values
ROUND_UP
public static final int ROUND_UP
MathContext.ROUND_UP
,
Constant Field Values
Constructor Detail
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(BigDecimal bd)
BigDecimal
object from a java.math.BigDecimal
.
BigDecimal
as though the parameter had been represented as a String
(using
its toString
method) and the BigDecimal(java.lang.String)
constructor had then been used.
The parameter must not be null
.
com.ibm.icu.math
version of the BigDecimal class.
It would not be present in a java.math
version.)
bd
- The BigDecimal
to be translated.
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(BigInteger bi)
BigDecimal
object from a BigInteger
, with scale 0.
BigDecimal
which is the exact decimal representation of the BigInteger
,
with a scale of zero. The value of the BigDecimal
is identical to the value of the BigInteger
. The parameter must not be null
.
BigDecimal
will contain only decimal digits, prefixed with a leading minus sign (hyphen) if the
BigInteger
is negative. A leading zero will be present only if the BigInteger
is zero.
bi
- The BigInteger
to be converted.
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(BigInteger bi,
int scale)
BigDecimal
object from a BigInteger
and a scale.
BigDecimal
which is the exact decimal representation of the BigInteger
,
scaled by the second parameter, which may not be negative. The value of the BigDecimal
is the
BigInteger
divided by ten to the power of the scale. The BigInteger
parameter must not be
null
.
BigDecimal
will contain only decimal digits, (with an embedded decimal point followed by
scale
decimal digits if the scale is positive), prefixed with a leading minus sign (hyphen) if the
BigInteger
is negative. A leading zero will be present only if the BigInteger
is zero.
bi
- The BigInteger
to be converted.scale
- The int
specifying the scale.
NumberFormatException
- If the scale is negative.
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(char[] inchars)
BigDecimal
object from an array of characters.
BigDecimal
as though a String
had been constructed from the character
array and the BigDecimal(java.lang.String)
constructor had then been used. The parameter must not be
null
.
BigDecimal(String)
constructor if the string is
already available in character array form.
inchars
- The char[]
array containing the number to be converted.
NumberFormatException
- If the parameter is not a valid number.
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(char[] inchars,
int offset,
int length)
BigDecimal
object from an array of characters.
BigDecimal
as though a String
had been constructed from the character
array (or a subarray of that array) and the BigDecimal(java.lang.String)
constructor had then been used.
The first parameter must not be null
, and the subarray must be wholly contained within it.
BigDecimal(String)
constructor if the string is
already available within a character array.
inchars
- The char[]
array containing the number to be converted.offset
- The int
offset into the array of the start of the number to be converted.length
- The int
length of the number.
NumberFormatException
- If the parameter is not a valid number for any reason.
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(double num)
BigDecimal
object directly from a double
.
BigDecimal
which is the exact decimal representation of the 64-bit signed binary
floating point parameter.
num
to a String
using the Double.toString()
method and then using the
BigDecimal(java.lang.String)
constructor. To get that result, use the static valueOf(double)
method to construct a BigDecimal
from a double
.
num
- The double
to be converted.
NumberFormatException
- If the parameter is infinite or not a number.
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(int num)
BigDecimal
object directly from a int
.
BigDecimal
which is the exact decimal representation of the 32-bit signed binary
integer parameter. The BigDecimal
will contain only decimal digits, prefixed with a leading minus
sign (hyphen) if the parameter is negative. A leading zero will be present only if the parameter is zero.
num
- The int
to be converted.
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(long num)
BigDecimal
object directly from a long
.
BigDecimal
which is the exact decimal representation of the 64-bit signed binary
integer parameter. The BigDecimal
will contain only decimal digits, prefixed with a leading minus
sign (hyphen) if the parameter is negative. A leading zero will be present only if the parameter is zero.
num
- The long
to be converted.
BigDecimal
public BigDecimal(String string)
BigDecimal
object from a String
.
BigDecimal
from the parameter, which must not be null
and must represent a
valid number, as described formally in the documentation referred to above
.
String
form must have at least one digit, may have a leading sign, may have a
decimal point, and exponential notation may be used. They follow conventional syntax, and may not contain blanks.
BigDecimal
might be constructed are:
"0" -- Zero "12" -- A whole number "-76" -- A signed whole number "12.70" -- Some decimal places "+0.003" -- Plus
sign is allowed "17." -- The same as 17 ".5" -- The same as 0.5 "4E+9" -- Exponential notation "0.73e-7" --
Exponential notation
"4E+9"
above is
just a short way of writing 4000000000
, and the "0.73e-7"
is short for
0.000000073
.)
BigDecimal
constructed from the String is in a standard form, with no blanks, as though the
add(BigDecimal)
method had been used to add zero to the number with unlimited precision. If the string
uses exponential notation (that is, includes an e
or an E
), then the BigDecimal
number will be expressed in scientific notation (where the power of ten is adjusted so there is a single
non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point); in this case if the number is zero then it will be expressed as
the single digit 0, and if non-zero it will have an exponent unless that exponent would be 0. The exponent must
fit in nine digits both before and after it is expressed in scientific notation.
Character.digit(c, 10)
(where c
is the character in question) would not return -1.
string
- The String
to be converted.
NumberFormatException
- If the parameter is not a valid number.
Method Detail
abs
public BigDecimal abs()
BigDecimal
whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal
.
abs(MathContext)
, where the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
this.scale()
BigDecimal
whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal
.
abs
public BigDecimal abs(MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal
.
plus(MathContext)
method
with the same parameter is returned. Otherwise, the same result as invoking the negate(MathContext)
method with the same parameter is returned.
set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is the absolute value of this BigDecimal
.
add
public BigDecimal add(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is this+rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
add(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
, and the
context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the addition.
BigDecimal
whose value is this+rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
add
public BigDecimal add(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is this+rhs
.
+
) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
class header
), and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the addition.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is this+rhs
.
compareTo
public int compareTo(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
to another, using unlimited precision.
compareTo(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
,
and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
compareTo
in interface Comparable<BigDecimal>
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the comparison.
int
whose value is -1, 0, or 1 as this
is numerically less than, equal to,
or greater than rhs
.
compareTo
public int compareTo(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
to another.
class header
),
and returns a result of type int
.
-1 if the current object is less than the first parameter
0 if the current object is equal to the first parameter
1 if the current object is greater than the first parameter.
compareTo(BigDecimal)
method is also provided.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the comparison.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
int
whose value is -1, 0, or 1 as this
is numerically less than, equal to,
or greater than rhs
.
divide
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
divide(BigDecimal, int)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
, and the
rounding mode is MathContext.ROUND_HALF_UP
.
The length of the decimal part (the scale) of the result will be the same as the scale of the current object, if
the latter were formatted without exponential notation.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the division.
BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
ArithmeticException
- If rhs
is zero.
divide
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs,
int round)
BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic and a
rounding mode.
divide(BigDecimal, int, int)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
, and the
second parameter is this.scale()
, and the third is round
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the division.round
- The int
rounding mode to be used for the division (see the MathContext
class).
BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic and
the specified rounding mode.
IllegalArgumentException
- if round
is not a valid rounding mode.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is zero.
ArithmeticException
- if round
is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY
and this.scale()
is insufficient to represent the result exactly.
divide
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs,
int scale,
int round)
BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic and a
given scale and rounding mode.
divide(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
,
new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN, false, round)
, except that the length of the decimal part (the
scale) to be used for the result is explicit rather than being taken from this
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the division.scale
- The int
scale to be used for the result.round
- The int
rounding mode to be used for the division (see the MathContext
class).
BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic and
the specified rounding mode.
IllegalArgumentException
- if round
is not a valid rounding mode.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is zero.
ArithmeticException
- if scale
is negative.
ArithmeticException
- if round
is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY
and scale
is insufficient
to represent the result exactly.
divide
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
.
/
) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
class header
), and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the division.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is this/rhs
.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is zero.
divideInteger
public BigDecimal divideInteger(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is the integer part of this/rhs
.
divideInteger(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
, and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the integer division.
BigDecimal
whose value is the integer part of this/rhs
.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is zero.
divideInteger
public BigDecimal divideInteger(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is the integer part of this/rhs
.
class
header
), and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the integer division.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is the integer part of this/rhs
.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is zero.
ArithmeticException
- if the result will not fit in the number of digits specified for the context.
max
public BigDecimal max(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is the maximum of this
and rhs
.
max(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
, and the
context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the comparison.
BigDecimal
whose value is the maximum of this
and rhs
.
max
public BigDecimal max(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is the maximum of this
and rhs
.
compareTo(BigDecimal, MathContext)
method with the same parameters would return 1
or 0
, then the result of calling the plus(MathContext)
method on the current object
(using the same MathContext
parameter) is returned. Otherwise, the result of calling the
plus(MathContext)
method on the first parameter object (using the same MathContext
parameter) is returned.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the comparison.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is the maximum of this
and rhs
.
min
public BigDecimal min(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is the minimum of this
and rhs
.
min(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
, and the
context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the comparison.
BigDecimal
whose value is the minimum of this
and rhs
.
min
public BigDecimal min(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is the minimum of this
and rhs
.
compareTo(BigDecimal, MathContext)
method with the same parameters would return -1
or 0
, then the result of calling the plus(MathContext)
method on the current object
(using the same MathContext
parameter) is returned. Otherwise, the result of calling the
plus(MathContext)
method on the first parameter object (using the same MathContext
parameter) is returned.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the comparison.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is the minimum of this
and rhs
.
multiply
public BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is this*rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
add(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
, and the
context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the multiplication.
BigDecimal
whose value is this*rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
multiply
public BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is this*rhs
.
) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
class header
), and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the multiplication.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is this*rhs
.
negate
public BigDecimal negate()
BigDecimal
whose value is -this
.
negate(MathContext)
, where the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
this.scale()
BigDecimal
whose value is -this
.
negate
public BigDecimal negate(MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is -this
.
-
) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
class header
), and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is -this
.
plus
public BigDecimal plus()
BigDecimal
whose value is +this
. Note that this
is not
necessarily a plain BigDecimal
, but the result will always be.
plus(MathContext)
, where the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
this.scale()
BigDecimal
whose value is +this
.
plus
public BigDecimal plus(MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is +this
.
+
) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
class header
), and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is +this
.
pow
public BigDecimal pow(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is this**rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
pow(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
, and the
context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
this
will be raised; it must be in the range 0 through
999999999, and must have a decimal part of zero. Note that these restrictions may be removed in the future, so
they should not be used as a test for a whole number.
MathContext
is used and so the result would then
always be 0.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the operation (the power).
BigDecimal
whose value is this**rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is out of range or is not a whole number.
pow
public BigDecimal pow(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is this**rhs
.
) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
class header
), and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
this
will be raised; it must be in the range
-999999999 through 999999999, and must have a decimal part of zero. Note that these restrictions may be removed
in the future, so they should not be used as a test for a whole number.
digits
setting of the MathContext
parameter is 0, the power must be zero or
positive.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the operation (the power).set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is this**rhs
.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is out of range or is not a whole number.
remainder
public BigDecimal remainder(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is the remainder of this/rhs
, using fixed point
arithmetic.
remainder(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
,
and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the remainder operation.
BigDecimal
whose value is the remainder of this/rhs
, using fixed point
arithmetic.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is zero.
remainder
public BigDecimal remainder(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is the remainder of this/rhs
.
class header
),
and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the remainder operation.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is the remainder of this+rhs
.
ArithmeticException
- if rhs
is zero.
ArithmeticException
- if the integer part of the result will not fit in the number of digits specified for the context.
subtract
public BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal rhs)
BigDecimal
whose value is this-rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
subtract(BigDecimal, MathContext)
, where the BigDecimal
is rhs
,
and the context is new MathContext(0, MathContext.PLAIN)
.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the subtraction.
BigDecimal
whose value is this-rhs
, using fixed point arithmetic.
subtract
public BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal rhs,
MathContext set)
BigDecimal
whose value is this-rhs
.
-
) operator (as defined in the decimal documentation, see
class header
), and returns the result as a BigDecimal
object.
rhs
- The BigDecimal
for the right hand side of the subtraction.set
- The MathContext
arithmetic settings.
BigDecimal
whose value is this-rhs
.
byteValueExact
public byte byteValueExact()
BigDecimal
to a byte
. If the BigDecimal
has a non-zero
decimal part or is out of the possible range for a byte
(8-bit signed integer) result then an
ArithmeticException
is thrown.
byte
equal in value to this
.
ArithmeticException
- if this
has a non-zero decimal part, or will not fit in a byte
.
doubleValue
public double doubleValue()
BigDecimal
to a double
. If the BigDecimal
is out of the
possible range for a double
(64-bit signed floating point) result then an ArithmeticException
is thrown.
BigDecimal
as a String
and
then converting it using the Double(String)
constructor; this can result in values of
Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
or Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY
.
doubleValue
in class Number
double
corresponding to this
.
equals
public boolean equals(Object obj)
BigDecimal
with rhs
for equality.
null
, or is not an instance of the BigDecimal type, or is not exactly equal to
the current BigDecimal
object, then false is returned. Otherwise, true is returned.
String
representations of the BigDecimal
numbers
are identical (they have the same characters in the same sequence).
compareTo(BigDecimal, MathContext)
method should be used for more general comparisons.
obj
- The Object
for the right hand side of the comparison.
boolean
whose value true if and only if the operands have identical string
representations.
ClassCastException
- if rhs
cannot be cast to a BigDecimal
object.compareTo(BigDecimal)
,
compareTo(BigDecimal, MathContext)
floatValue
public float floatValue()
BigDecimal
to a float
. If the BigDecimal
is out of the
possible range for a float
(32-bit signed floating point) result then an ArithmeticException
is thrown.
BigDecimal
as a String
and
then converting it using the Float(String)
constructor; this can result in values of
Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
or Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY
.
floatValue
in class Number
float
corresponding to this
.
format
public String format(int before,
int after)
String
representation of this BigDecimal
, modified by layout parameters.
DecimalFormat
, that can apply locale-sensitive editing of the result. The level of formatting that it provides is a
necessary part of the BigDecimal class as it is sensitive to and must follow the calculation and rounding rules
for BigDecimal arithmetic. However, if the function is provided elsewhere, it may be removed from this class.
format
method are all of type int
. A value of -1
for any parameter indicates that the default action or value for that parameter should be used.
before
and after
, specify the number of characters to be used for the
integer part and decimal part of the result respectively. Exponential notation is not used. If either parameter
is -1 (which indicates the default action), the number of characters used will be exactly as many as are needed
for that part.
before
must be a positive number; if it is larger than is needed to contain the integer part, that
part is padded on the left with blanks to the requested length. If before
is not large enough to
contain the integer part of the number (including the sign, for negative numbers) an exception is thrown.
after
must be a non-negative number; if it is not the same size as the decimal part of the number,
the number will be rounded (or extended with zeros) to fit. Specifying 0 for after
will cause the
number to be rounded to an integer (that is, it will have no decimal part or decimal point). The rounding method
will be the default, MathContext.ROUND_HALF_UP
.
format(int,int,int,int,int,int)
. Using the two-parameter form of the method has exactly the same effect
as using the six-parameter form with the final four parameters all being -1.
before
- The int
specifying the number of places before the decimal point. Use -1 for 'as many as are needed'.after
- The int
specifying the number of places after the decimal point. Use -1 for 'as many as are needed'.
String
representing this BigDecimal
, laid out according to the specified parameters
ArithmeticException
- if the number cannot be laid out as requested.
IllegalArgumentException
- if a parameter is out of range.toString()
,
toCharArray()
format
public String format(int before,
int after,
int explaces,
int exdigits,
int exformint,
int exround)
String
representation of this BigDecimal
, modified by layout parameters and
allowing exponential notation.
DecimalFormat
, that can apply locale-sensitive editing of the result. The level of formatting that it provides is a
necessary part of the BigDecimal class as it is sensitive to and must follow the calculation and rounding rules
for BigDecimal arithmetic. However, if the function is provided elsewhere, it may be removed from this class.
int
. A value of -1 for any parameter indicates that the default
action or value for that parameter should be used.
before
and after
) specify the number of characters to be used
for the integer part and decimal part of the result respectively, as defined for format(int,int)
. If
either of these is -1 (which indicates the default action), the number of characters used will be exactly as many
as are needed for that part.
explaces
,
exdigits
, and exform
) control the exponent part of the result. As before, the default
action for any of these parameters may be selected by using the value -1.
explaces
must be a positive number; it sets the number of places (digits after the sign of the
exponent) to be used for any exponent part, the default (when explaces
is -1) being to use as many
as are needed. If explaces
is not -1, space is always reserved for an exponent; if one is not needed
(for example, if the exponent will be 0) then explaces
+2 blanks are appended to the result. If explaces
is not -1 and is not large enough to contain the exponent, an exception is thrown.
exdigits
sets the trigger point for use of exponential notation. If, before any rounding, the number
of places needed before the decimal point exceeds exdigits
, or if the absolute value of the result
is less than 0.000001
, then exponential form will be used, provided that exdigits
was
specified. When exdigits
is -1, exponential notation will never be used. If 0 is specified for
exdigits
, exponential notation is always used unless the exponent would be 0.
exform
sets the form for exponential notation (if needed). It may be either
MathContext.SCIENTIFIC
or MathContext.ENGINEERING
. If the latter, engineering, form is requested,
up to three digits (plus sign, if negative) may be needed for the integer part of the result (before
). Otherwise, only one digit (plus sign, if negative) is needed.
exround
, selects the rounding algorithm to be used, and must be one of
the values indicated by a public constant in the MathContext
class whose name starts with ROUND_
. The default (ROUND_HALF_UP
) may also be selected by using the value -1, as before.
MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY
may be used to detect whether non-zero digits are
discarded -- if exround
has this value than if non-zero digits would be discarded (rounded) during
formatting then an ArithmeticException
is thrown.
before
- The int
specifying the number of places before the decimal point. Use -1 for 'as many as
are needed'.after
- The int
specifying the number of places after the decimal point. Use -1 for 'as many as
are needed'.explaces
- The int
specifying the number of places to be used for any exponent. Use -1 for 'as many
as are needed'.exdigits
- The int
specifying the trigger (digits before the decimal point) which if exceeded causes
exponential notation to be used. Use 0 to force exponential notation. Use -1 to force plain notation
(no exponential notation).exformint
- The int
specifying the form of exponential notation to be used (
MathContext.SCIENTIFIC
or MathContext.ENGINEERING
).exround
- The int
specifying the rounding mode to use. Use -1 for the default,
MathContext.ROUND_HALF_UP
.
String
representing this BigDecimal
, laid out according to the specified
parameters
ArithmeticException
- if the number cannot be laid out as requested.
IllegalArgumentException
- if a parameter is out of range.toString()
,
toCharArray()
hashCode
public int hashCode()
BigDecimal
. This hashcode is suitable for use by the
java.util.Hashtable
class.
BigDecimal
objects are only guaranteed to produce the same hashcode if they are
exactly equal (that is, the String
representations of the BigDecimal
numbers are
identical -- they have the same characters in the same sequence).
int
that is the hashcode for this
.
intValue
public int intValue()
BigDecimal
to an int
. If the BigDecimal
has a non-zero
decimal part it is discarded. If the BigDecimal
is out of the possible range for an int
(32-bit signed integer) result then only the low-order 32 bits are used. (That is, the number may be
decapitated.) To avoid unexpected errors when these conditions occur, use the intValueExact()
method.
int
converted from this
, truncated and decapitated if necessary.
intValueExact
public int intValueExact()
BigDecimal
to an int
. If the BigDecimal
has a non-zero
decimal part or is out of the possible range for an int
(32-bit signed integer) result then an
ArithmeticException
is thrown.
int
equal in value to this
.
ArithmeticException
- if this
has a non-zero decimal part, or will not fit in an int
.
longValue
public long longValue()
BigDecimal
to a long
. If the BigDecimal
has a non-zero
decimal part it is discarded. If the BigDecimal
is out of the possible range for a long
(64-bit signed integer) result then only the low-order 64 bits are used. (That is, the number may be
decapitated.) To avoid unexpected errors when these conditions occur, use the longValueExact()
method.
long
converted from this
, truncated and decapitated if necessary.
longValueExact
public long longValueExact()
BigDecimal
to a long
. If the BigDecimal
has a non-zero
decimal part or is out of the possible range for a long
(64-bit signed integer) result then an
ArithmeticException
is thrown.
long
equal in value to this
.
ArithmeticException
- if this
has a non-zero decimal part, or will not fit in a long
.
movePointLeft
public BigDecimal movePointLeft(int n)
BigDecimal
whose decimal point has been moved to the left by a specified number of
positions. The parameter, n
, specifies the number of positions to move the decimal point. That is,
if n
is 0 or positive, the number returned is given by:
this.multiply(TEN.pow(new BigDecimal(-n)))
n
may be negative, in which case the method returns the same result as movePointRight(-n)
.
n
- The int
specifying the number of places to move the decimal point leftwards.
BigDecimal
derived from this
, with the decimal point moved n
places to the left.
movePointRight
public BigDecimal movePointRight(int n)
BigDecimal
whose decimal point has been moved to the right by a specified number of
positions. The parameter, n
, specifies the number of positions to move the decimal point. That is,
if n
is 0 or positive, the number returned is given by:
this.multiply(TEN.pow(new BigDecimal(n)))
n
may be negative, in which case the method returns the same result as movePointLeft(-n)
.
n
- The int
specifying the number of places to move the decimal point rightwards.
BigDecimal
derived from this
, with the decimal point moved n
places to the right.
scale
public int scale()
BigDecimal
. Returns a non-negative int
which is the scale of
the number. The scale is the number of digits in the decimal part of the number if the number were formatted
without exponential notation.
int
whose value is the scale of this BigDecimal
.
setScale
public BigDecimal setScale(int scale)
BigDecimal
with a given scale.
BigDecimal
then trailing zeros will be added to the decimal part as necessary.
BigDecimal
then
trailing digits will be removed, and in this case an ArithmeticException
is thrown if any discarded
digits are non-zero.
setScale(int, int)
, where the first parameter is the scale, and the second is
MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY
.
scale
- The int
specifying the scale of the resulting BigDecimal
.
BigDecimal
with the given scale.
ArithmeticException
- if scale
is negative.
ArithmeticException
- if reducing scale would discard non-zero digits.
setScale
public BigDecimal setScale(int scale,
int round)
BigDecimal
with a given scale.
BigDecimal
then trailing zeros will be added to the decimal part as necessary.
BigDecimal
then
trailing digits will be removed, and the rounding mode given by the second parameter is used to determine if the
remaining digits are affected by a carry. In this case, an IllegalArgumentException
is thrown if
round
is not a valid rounding mode.
round
is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY
, an ArithmeticException
is
thrown if any discarded digits are non-zero.
scale
- The int
specifying the scale of the resulting BigDecimal
.round
- The int
rounding mode to be used for the division (see the MathContext
class).
BigDecimal
with the given scale.
IllegalArgumentException
- if round
is not a valid rounding mode.
ArithmeticException
- if scale
is negative.
ArithmeticException
- if round
is MathContext.ROUND_UNNECESSARY
, and reducing scale would discard
non-zero digits.
shortValueExact
public short shortValueExact()
BigDecimal
to a short
. If the BigDecimal
has a non-zero
decimal part or is out of the possible range for a short
(16-bit signed integer) result then an
ArithmeticException
is thrown.
short
equal in value to this
.
ArithmeticException
- if this
has a non-zero decimal part, or will not fit in a short
.
signum
public int signum()
BigDecimal
, as an int
. This returns the signum function
value that represents the sign of this BigDecimal
. That is, -1 if the BigDecimal
is
negative, 0 if it is numerically equal to zero, or 1 if it is positive.
int
which is -1 if the BigDecimal
is negative, 0 if it is numerically equal
to zero, or 1 if it is positive.
toBigDecimal
public BigDecimal toBigDecimal()
BigDecimal
to a java.math.BigDecimal
.
BigDecimal
were formatted as a plain
number without any rounding or exponent and then the java.math.BigDecimal(java.lang.String)
constructor were used to construct the result.
com.ibm.icu.math
version of the BigDecimal class. It
would not be present in a java.math
version.)
java.math.BigDecimal
equal in value to this BigDecimal
.
toBigInteger
public BigInteger toBigInteger()
BigDecimal
to a java.math.BigInteger
.
toBigIntegerExact()
.
java.math.BigInteger
equal in value to the integer part of this BigDecimal
.
toBigIntegerExact
public BigInteger toBigIntegerExact()
BigDecimal
to a java.math.BigInteger
.
java.math.BigInteger
equal in value to the integer part of this BigDecimal
.
ArithmeticException
- if this
has a non-zero decimal part.
toCharArray
public char[] toCharArray()
BigDecimal
as a character array. The result of this method is the same as using the
sequence toString().toCharArray()
, but avoids creating the intermediate String
and
char[]
objects.
char[]
array corresponding to this BigDecimal
.
toString
public String toString()
BigDecimal
as a String
. This returns a String
that exactly
represents this BigDecimal
, as defined in the decimal documentation (see class
header
).
BigDecimal(String)
constructor on the result String
will create a
BigDecimal
that is exactly equal to the original BigDecimal
.
String
exactly corresponding to this BigDecimal
.format(int, int)
,
format(int, int, int, int, int, int)
,
toCharArray()
unscaledValue
public BigInteger unscaledValue()
BigInteger
after removing the scale. That is, the number is expressed as a
plain number, any decimal point is then removed (retaining the digits of any decimal part), and the result is
then converted to a BigInteger
.
java.math.BigInteger
equal in value to this BigDecimal
multiplied by ten to
the power of this.scale()
.
valueOf
public static BigDecimal valueOf(double dub)
double
to a BigDecimal
.
BigDecimal
which is the decimal representation of the 64-bit signed binary floating point
parameter. If the parameter is infinite, or is not a number (NaN), a NumberFormatException
is
thrown.
num
had been converted to a String
using the
Double.toString()
method and the BigDecimal(java.lang.String)
constructor had then been used.
This is typically not an exact conversion.
dub
- The double
to be translated.
BigDecimal
equal in value to dub
.
NumberFormatException
- if the parameter is infinite or not a number.
valueOf
public static BigDecimal valueOf(long lint)
long
to a BigDecimal
. That is, returns a plain BigDecimal
whose value is equal to the given long
.
lint
- The long
to be translated.
BigDecimal
equal in value to lint
.
valueOf
public static BigDecimal valueOf(long lint,
int scale)
long
to a BigDecimal
with a given scale. That is, returns a plain
BigDecimal
whose unscaled value is equal to the given long
, adjusted by the second parameter,
scale
.
(new BigDecimal(lint)).divide(TEN.pow(new BigDecimal(scale)))
NumberFormatException
is thrown if scale
is negative.
lint
- The long
to be translated.scale
- The int
scale to be applied.
BigDecimal
equal in value to lint
.
NumberFormatException
- if the scale is negative.
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