FileUtils (Commons IO 1.3.2 API)

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org.apache.commons.io
Class FileUtils

java.lang.Object
  org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils

public class FileUtils
extends java.lang.Object
extends java.lang.Object

General file manipulation utilities.

Facilities are provided in the following areas:

writing to a file
reading from a file
make a directory including parent directories
copying files and directories
deleting files and directories
converting to and from a URL
listing files and directories by filter and extension
comparing file content
file last changed date
calculating a checksum

Origin of code: Excalibur, Alexandria, Commons-Utils

Version:: $Id: FileUtils.java 507684 2007-02-14 20:38:25Z bayard $
Author:: Kevin A. Burton, Scott Sanders, Daniel Rall, Christoph.Reck, Peter Donald, Jeff Turner, Matthew Hawthorne, Jeremias Maerki, Stephen Colebourne, Ian Springer, Chris Eldredge, Jim Harrington, Niall Pemberton, Sandy McArthur

Field Summary
`static java.io.File[]`	`EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY` An empty array of type `File`.
`static long`	`ONE_GB` The number of bytes in a gigabyte.
`static long`	`ONE_KB` The number of bytes in a kilobyte.
`static long`	`ONE_MB` The number of bytes in a megabyte.

Constructor Summary
`FileUtils()` Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.

Method Summary
`static java.lang.String`	`byteCountToDisplaySize(long size)` Returns a human-readable version of the file size, where the input represents a specific number of bytes.
`static java.util.zip.Checksum`	`checksum(java.io.File file, java.util.zip.Checksum checksum)` Computes the checksum of a file using the specified checksum object.
`static long`	`checksumCRC32(java.io.File file)` Computes the checksum of a file using the CRC32 checksum routine.
`static void`	`cleanDirectory(java.io.File directory)` Clean a directory without deleting it.
`static boolean`	`contentEquals(java.io.File file1, java.io.File file2)` Compare the contents of two files to determine if they are equal or not.
`static java.io.File[]`	`convertFileCollectionToFileArray(java.util.Collection files)` Converts a Collection containing java.io.File instanced into array representation.
`static void`	`copyDirectory(java.io.File srcDir, java.io.File destDir)` Copies a whole directory to a new location preserving the file dates.
`static void`	`copyDirectory(java.io.File srcDir, java.io.File destDir, boolean preserveFileDate)` Copies a whole directory to a new location.
`static void`	`copyDirectoryToDirectory(java.io.File srcDir, java.io.File destDir)` Copies a directory to within another directory preserving the file dates.
`static void`	`copyFile(java.io.File srcFile, java.io.File destFile)` Copies a file to a new location preserving the file date.
`static void`	`copyFile(java.io.File srcFile, java.io.File destFile, boolean preserveFileDate)` Copies a file to a new location.
`static void`	`copyFileToDirectory(java.io.File srcFile, java.io.File destDir)` Copies a file to a directory preserving the file date.
`static void`	`copyFileToDirectory(java.io.File srcFile, java.io.File destDir, boolean preserveFileDate)` Copies a file to a directory optionally preserving the file date.
`static void`	`copyURLToFile(java.net.URL source, java.io.File destination)` Copies bytes from the URL `source` to a file `destination`.
`static void`	`deleteDirectory(java.io.File directory)` Recursively delete a directory.
`static void`	`forceDelete(java.io.File file)` Delete a file.
`static void`	`forceDeleteOnExit(java.io.File file)` Schedule a file to be deleted when JVM exits.
`static void`	`forceMkdir(java.io.File directory)` Make a directory, including any necessary but nonexistent parent directories.
`static boolean`	`isFileNewer(java.io.File file, java.util.Date date)` Tests if the specified `File` is newer than the specified `Date`.
`static boolean`	`isFileNewer(java.io.File file, java.io.File reference)` Tests if the specified `File` is newer than the reference `File`.
`static boolean`	`isFileNewer(java.io.File file, long timeMillis)` Tests if the specified `File` is newer than the specified time reference.
`static boolean`	`isFileOlder(java.io.File file, java.util.Date date)` Tests if the specified `File` is older than the specified `Date`.
`static boolean`	`isFileOlder(java.io.File file, java.io.File reference)` Tests if the specified `File` is older than the reference `File`.
`static boolean`	`isFileOlder(java.io.File file, long timeMillis)` Tests if the specified `File` is older than the specified time reference.
`static java.util.Iterator`	`iterateFiles(java.io.File directory, IOFileFilter fileFilter, IOFileFilter dirFilter)` Allows iteration over the files in given directory (and optionally its subdirectories).
`static java.util.Iterator`	`iterateFiles(java.io.File directory, java.lang.String[] extensions, boolean recursive)` Allows iteration over the files in a given directory (and optionally its subdirectories) which match an array of extensions.
`static LineIterator`	`lineIterator(java.io.File file)` Return an Iterator for the lines in a `File` using the default encoding for the VM.
`static LineIterator`	`lineIterator(java.io.File file, java.lang.String encoding)` Return an Iterator for the lines in a `File`.
`static java.util.Collection`	`listFiles(java.io.File directory, IOFileFilter fileFilter, IOFileFilter dirFilter)` Finds files within a given directory (and optionally its subdirectories).
`static java.util.Collection`	`listFiles(java.io.File directory, java.lang.String[] extensions, boolean recursive)` Finds files within a given directory (and optionally its subdirectories) which match an array of extensions.
`static java.io.FileInputStream`	`openInputStream(java.io.File file)` Opens a `FileInputStream` for the specified file, providing better error messages than simply calling `new FileInputStream(file)`.
`static java.io.FileOutputStream`	`openOutputStream(java.io.File file)` Opens a `FileOutputStream` for the specified file, checking and creating the parent directory if it does not exist.
`static byte[]`	`readFileToByteArray(java.io.File file)` Reads the contents of a file into a byte array.
`static java.lang.String`	`readFileToString(java.io.File file)` Reads the contents of a file into a String using the default encoding for the VM.
`static java.lang.String`	`readFileToString(java.io.File file, java.lang.String encoding)` Reads the contents of a file into a String.
`static java.util.List`	`readLines(java.io.File file)` Reads the contents of a file line by line to a List of Strings using the default encoding for the VM.
`static java.util.List`	`readLines(java.io.File file, java.lang.String encoding)` Reads the contents of a file line by line to a List of Strings.
`static long`	`sizeOfDirectory(java.io.File directory)` Recursively count size of a directory (sum of the length of all files).
`static java.io.File`	`toFile(java.net.URL url)` Convert from a `URL` to a `File`.
`static java.io.File[]`	`toFiles(java.net.URL[] urls)` Converts each of an array of `URL` to a `File`.
`static void`	`touch(java.io.File file)` Implements the same behaviour as the "touch" utility on Unix.
`static java.net.URL[]`	`toURLs(java.io.File[] files)` Converts each of an array of `File` to a `URL`.
`static boolean`	`waitFor(java.io.File file, int seconds)` Waits for NFS to propagate a file creation, imposing a timeout.
`static void`	`writeByteArrayToFile(java.io.File file, byte[] data)` Writes a byte array to a file creating the file if it does not exist.
`static void`	`writeLines(java.io.File file, java.util.Collection lines)` Writes the `toString()` value of each item in a collection to the specified `File` line by line.
`static void`	`writeLines(java.io.File file, java.util.Collection lines, java.lang.String lineEnding)` Writes the `toString()` value of each item in a collection to the specified `File` line by line.
`static void`	`writeLines(java.io.File file, java.lang.String encoding, java.util.Collection lines)` Writes the `toString()` value of each item in a collection to the specified `File` line by line.
`static void`	`writeLines(java.io.File file, java.lang.String encoding, java.util.Collection lines, java.lang.String lineEnding)` Writes the `toString()` value of each item in a collection to the specified `File` line by line.
`static void`	`writeStringToFile(java.io.File file, java.lang.String data)` Writes a String to a file creating the file if it does not exist using the default encoding for the VM.
`static void`	`writeStringToFile(java.io.File file, java.lang.String data, java.lang.String encoding)` Writes a String to a file creating the file if it does not exist.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

ONE_KB

public static final long ONE_KB

The number of bytes in a kilobyte.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ONE_MB

public static final long ONE_MB

The number of bytes in a megabyte.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

ONE_GB

public static final long ONE_GB

The number of bytes in a gigabyte.

See Also:: Constant Field Values

EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY

public static final java.io.File[] EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY

An empty array of type File.

Constructor Detail

FileUtils

public FileUtils()

Instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.

Method Detail

openInputStream

public static java.io.FileInputStream openInputStream(java.io.File file)
                                               throws java.io.IOException

Opens a FileInputStream for the specified file, providing better error messages than simply calling new FileInputStream(file).

At the end of the method either the stream will be successfully opened, or an exception will have been thrown.

An exception is thrown if the file does not exist. An exception is thrown if the file object exists but is a directory. An exception is thrown if the file exists but cannot be read.

Parameters:: file - the file to open for input, must not be null
Returns:: a new FileInputStream for the specified file
Throws:: java.io.FileNotFoundException - if the file does not exist; java.io.IOException - if the file object is a directory; java.io.IOException - if the file cannot be read
Since:: Commons IO 1.3

openOutputStream

public static java.io.FileOutputStream openOutputStream(java.io.File file)
                                                 throws java.io.IOException

Opens a FileOutputStream for the specified file, checking and creating the parent directory if it does not exist.

At the end of the method either the stream will be successfully opened, or an exception will have been thrown.

The parent directory will be created if it does not exist. The file will be created if it does not exist. An exception is thrown if the file object exists but is a directory. An exception is thrown if the file exists but cannot be written to. An exception is thrown if the parent directory cannot be created.

Parameters:: file - the file to open for output, must not be null
Returns:: a new FileOutputStream for the specified file
Throws:: java.io.IOException - if the file object is a directory; java.io.IOException - if the file cannot be written to; java.io.IOException - if a parent directory needs creating but that fails
Since:: Commons IO 1.3

byteCountToDisplaySize

public static java.lang.String byteCountToDisplaySize(long size)

Returns a human-readable version of the file size, where the input represents a specific number of bytes.

Parameters:: size - the number of bytes
Returns:: a human-readable display value (includes units)

touch

public static void touch(java.io.File file)
                  throws java.io.IOException

Implements the same behaviour as the "touch" utility on Unix. It creates a new file with size 0 or, if the file exists already, it is opened and closed without modifying it, but updating the file date and time.

NOTE: As from v1.3, this method throws an IOException if the last modified date of the file cannot be set. Also, as from v1.3 this method creates parent directories if they do not exist.

Parameters:: file - the File to touch
Throws:: java.io.IOException - If an I/O problem occurs

convertFileCollectionToFileArray

public static java.io.File[] convertFileCollectionToFileArray(java.util.Collection files)

Converts a Collection containing java.io.File instanced into array representation. This is to account for the difference between File.listFiles() and FileUtils.listFiles().

Parameters:: files - a Collection containing java.io.File instances
Returns:: an array of java.io.File

listFiles

public static java.util.Collection listFiles(java.io.File directory,
                                             IOFileFilter fileFilter,
                                             IOFileFilter dirFilter)

Finds files within a given directory (and optionally its subdirectories). All files found are filtered by an IOFileFilter.

If your search should recurse into subdirectories you can pass in an IOFileFilter for directories. You don't need to bind a DirectoryFileFilter (via logical AND) to this filter. This method does that for you.

An example: If you want to search through all directories called "temp" you pass in FileFilterUtils.NameFileFilter("temp")

Another common usage of this method is find files in a directory tree but ignoring the directories generated CVS. You can simply pass in FileFilterUtils.makeCVSAware(null).

Parameters:: directory - the directory to search in; fileFilter - filter to apply when finding files.; dirFilter - optional filter to apply when finding subdirectories. If this parameter is null, subdirectories will not be included in the search. Use TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE to match all directories.
Returns:: an collection of java.io.File with the matching files
See Also:: FileFilterUtils, NameFileFilter

iterateFiles

public static java.util.Iterator iterateFiles(java.io.File directory,
                                              IOFileFilter fileFilter,
                                              IOFileFilter dirFilter)

Allows iteration over the files in given directory (and optionally its subdirectories).

All files found are filtered by an IOFileFilter. This method is based on listFiles(File, IOFileFilter, IOFileFilter).

Parameters:: directory - the directory to search in; fileFilter - filter to apply when finding files.; dirFilter - optional filter to apply when finding subdirectories. If this parameter is null, subdirectories will not be included in the search. Use TrueFileFilter.INSTANCE to match all directories.
Returns:: an iterator of java.io.File for the matching files
Since:: Commons IO 1.2
See Also:: FileFilterUtils, NameFileFilter

listFiles

public static java.util.Collection listFiles(java.io.File directory,
                                             java.lang.String[] extensions,
                                             boolean recursive)

Finds files within a given directory (and optionally its subdirectories) which match an array of extensions.

Parameters:: directory - the directory to search in; extensions - an array of extensions, ex. {"java","xml"}. If this parameter is null, all files are returned.; recursive - if true all subdirectories are searched as well
Returns:: an collection of java.io.File with the matching files

iterateFiles

public static java.util.Iterator iterateFiles(java.io.File directory,
                                              java.lang.String[] extensions,
                                              boolean recursive)

Allows iteration over the files in a given directory (and optionally its subdirectories) which match an array of extensions. This method is based on listFiles(File, String[], boolean).

Parameters:: directory - the directory to search in; extensions - an array of extensions, ex. {"java","xml"}. If this parameter is null, all files are returned.; recursive - if true all subdirectories are searched as well
Returns:: an iterator of java.io.File with the matching files
Since:: Commons IO 1.2

contentEquals

public static boolean contentEquals(java.io.File file1,
                                    java.io.File file2)
                             throws java.io.IOException

Compare the contents of two files to determine if they are equal or not.

This method checks to see if the two files are different lengths or if they point to the same file, before resorting to byte-by-byte comparison of the contents.

Code origin: Avalon

Parameters:: file1 - the first file; file2 - the second file
Returns:: true if the content of the files are equal or they both don't exist, false otherwise
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error

toFile

public static java.io.File toFile(java.net.URL url)

Convert from a URL to a File.

From version 1.1 this method will decode the URL. Syntax such as file:///my%20docs/file.txt will be correctly decoded to /my docs/file.txt.

Parameters:: url - the file URL to convert, null returns null
Returns:: the equivalent File object, or null if the URL's protocol is not file
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is incorrectly encoded

toFiles

public static java.io.File[] toFiles(java.net.URL[] urls)

Converts each of an array of URL to a File.

Returns an array of the same size as the input. If the input is null, an empty array is returned. If the input contains null, the output array contains null at the same index.

This method will decode the URL. Syntax such as file:///my%20docs/file.txt will be correctly decoded to /my docs/file.txt.

Parameters:: urls - the file URLs to convert, null returns empty array
Returns:: a non-null array of Files matching the input, with a null item if there was a null at that index in the input array
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if any file is not a URL file; java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if any file is incorrectly encoded
Since:: Commons IO 1.1

toURLs

public static java.net.URL[] toURLs(java.io.File[] files)
                             throws java.io.IOException

Converts each of an array of File to a URL.

Returns an array of the same size as the input.

Parameters:: files - the files to convert
Returns:: an array of URLs matching the input
Throws:: java.io.IOException - if a file cannot be converted

copyFileToDirectory

public static void copyFileToDirectory(java.io.File srcFile,
                                       java.io.File destDir)
                                throws java.io.IOException

Copies a file to a directory preserving the file date.

This method copies the contents of the specified source file to a file of the same name in the specified destination directory. The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination file exists, then this method will overwrite it.

Parameters:: srcFile - an existing file to copy, must not be null; destDir - the directory to place the copy in, must not be null
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if source or destination is null; java.io.IOException - if source or destination is invalid; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs during copying
See Also:: copyFile(File, File, boolean)

copyFileToDirectory

public static void copyFileToDirectory(java.io.File srcFile,
                                       java.io.File destDir,
                                       boolean preserveFileDate)
                                throws java.io.IOException

Copies a file to a directory optionally preserving the file date.

Parameters:: srcFile - an existing file to copy, must not be null; destDir - the directory to place the copy in, must not be null; preserveFileDate - true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if source or destination is null; java.io.IOException - if source or destination is invalid; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs during copying
Since:: Commons IO 1.3
See Also:: copyFile(File, File, boolean)

copyFile

public static void copyFile(java.io.File srcFile,
                            java.io.File destFile)
                     throws java.io.IOException

Copies a file to a new location preserving the file date.

This method copies the contents of the specified source file to the specified destination file. The directory holding the destination file is created if it does not exist. If the destination file exists, then this method will overwrite it.

Parameters:: srcFile - an existing file to copy, must not be null; destFile - the new file, must not be null
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if source or destination is null; java.io.IOException - if source or destination is invalid; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs during copying
See Also:: copyFileToDirectory(File, File)

copyFile

public static void copyFile(java.io.File srcFile,
                            java.io.File destFile,
                            boolean preserveFileDate)
                     throws java.io.IOException

Copies a file to a new location.

Parameters:: srcFile - an existing file to copy, must not be null; destFile - the new file, must not be null; preserveFileDate - true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if source or destination is null; java.io.IOException - if source or destination is invalid; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs during copying
See Also:: copyFileToDirectory(File, File, boolean)

copyDirectoryToDirectory

public static void copyDirectoryToDirectory(java.io.File srcDir,
                                            java.io.File destDir)
                                     throws java.io.IOException

Copies a directory to within another directory preserving the file dates.

This method copies the source directory and all its contents to a directory of the same name in the specified destination directory.

The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory did exist, then this method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.

Parameters:: srcDir - an existing directory to copy, must not be null; destDir - the directory to place the copy in, must not be null
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if source or destination is null; java.io.IOException - if source or destination is invalid; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs during copying
Since:: Commons IO 1.2

copyDirectory

public static void copyDirectory(java.io.File srcDir,
                                 java.io.File destDir)
                          throws java.io.IOException

Copies a whole directory to a new location preserving the file dates.

This method copies the specified directory and all its child directories and files to the specified destination. The destination is the new location and name of the directory.

The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory did exist, then this method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.

Parameters:: srcDir - an existing directory to copy, must not be null; destDir - the new directory, must not be null
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if source or destination is null; java.io.IOException - if source or destination is invalid; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs during copying
Since:: Commons IO 1.1

copyDirectory

public static void copyDirectory(java.io.File srcDir,
                                 java.io.File destDir,
                                 boolean preserveFileDate)
                          throws java.io.IOException

Copies a whole directory to a new location.

This method copies the contents of the specified source directory to within the specified destination directory.

The destination directory is created if it does not exist. If the destination directory did exist, then this method merges the source with the destination, with the source taking precedence.

Parameters:: srcDir - an existing directory to copy, must not be null; destDir - the new directory, must not be null; preserveFileDate - true if the file date of the copy should be the same as the original
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if source or destination is null; java.io.IOException - if source or destination is invalid; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs during copying
Since:: Commons IO 1.1

copyURLToFile

public static void copyURLToFile(java.net.URL source,
                                 java.io.File destination)
                          throws java.io.IOException

Copies bytes from the URL source to a file destination. The directories up to destination will be created if they don't already exist. destination will be overwritten if it already exists.

Parameters:: source - the URL to copy bytes from, must not be null; destination - the non-directory File to write bytes to (possibly overwriting), must not be null
Throws:: java.io.IOException - if source URL cannot be opened; java.io.IOException - if destination is a directory; java.io.IOException - if destination cannot be written; java.io.IOException - if destination needs creating but can't be; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs during copying

deleteDirectory

public static void deleteDirectory(java.io.File directory)
                            throws java.io.IOException

Recursively delete a directory.

Parameters:: directory - directory to delete
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case deletion is unsuccessful

cleanDirectory

public static void cleanDirectory(java.io.File directory)
                           throws java.io.IOException

Clean a directory without deleting it.

Parameters:: directory - directory to clean
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case cleaning is unsuccessful

waitFor

public static boolean waitFor(java.io.File file,
                              int seconds)

Waits for NFS to propagate a file creation, imposing a timeout.

This method repeatedly tests File.exists() until it returns true up to the maximum time specified in seconds.

Parameters:: file - the file to check, must not be null; seconds - the maximum time in seconds to wait
Returns:: true if file exists
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if the file is null

readFileToString

public static java.lang.String readFileToString(java.io.File file,
                                                java.lang.String encoding)
                                         throws java.io.IOException

Reads the contents of a file into a String. The file is always closed.

Parameters:: file - the file to read, must not be null; encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Returns:: the file contents, never null
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error; java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the encoding is not supported by the VM

readFileToString

public static java.lang.String readFileToString(java.io.File file)
                                         throws java.io.IOException

Reads the contents of a file into a String using the default encoding for the VM. The file is always closed.

Parameters:: file - the file to read, must not be null
Returns:: the file contents, never null
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error
Since:: Commons IO 1.3.1

readFileToByteArray

public static byte[] readFileToByteArray(java.io.File file)
                                  throws java.io.IOException

Reads the contents of a file into a byte array. The file is always closed.

Parameters:: file - the file to read, must not be null
Returns:: the file contents, never null
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error
Since:: Commons IO 1.1

readLines

public static java.util.List readLines(java.io.File file,
                                       java.lang.String encoding)
                                throws java.io.IOException

Reads the contents of a file line by line to a List of Strings. The file is always closed.

Parameters:: file - the file to read, must not be null; encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Returns:: the list of Strings representing each line in the file, never null
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error; java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the encoding is not supported by the VM
Since:: Commons IO 1.1

readLines

public static java.util.List readLines(java.io.File file)
                                throws java.io.IOException

Reads the contents of a file line by line to a List of Strings using the default encoding for the VM. The file is always closed.

Parameters:: file - the file to read, must not be null
Returns:: the list of Strings representing each line in the file, never null
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error
Since:: Commons IO 1.3

lineIterator

public static LineIterator lineIterator(java.io.File file,
                                        java.lang.String encoding)
                                 throws java.io.IOException

Return an Iterator for the lines in a File.

This method opens an InputStream for the file. When you have finished with the iterator you should close the stream to free internal resources. This can be done by calling the LineIterator.close() or LineIterator.closeQuietly(LineIterator) method.

The recommended usage pattern is:

 LineIterator it = FileUtils.lineIterator(file, "UTF-8");
 try {
   while (it.hasNext()) {
     String line = it.nextLine();
     /// do something with line
   }
 } finally {
   LineIterator.closeQuietly(iterator);
 }

If an exception occurs during the creation of the iterator, the underlying stream is closed.

Parameters:: file - the file to open for input, must not be null; encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Returns:: an Iterator of the lines in the file, never null
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error (file closed)
Since:: Commons IO 1.2

lineIterator

public static LineIterator lineIterator(java.io.File file)
                                 throws java.io.IOException

Return an Iterator for the lines in a File using the default encoding for the VM.

Parameters:: file - the file to open for input, must not be null
Returns:: an Iterator of the lines in the file, never null
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error (file closed)
Since:: Commons IO 1.3
See Also:: lineIterator(File, String)

writeStringToFile

public static void writeStringToFile(java.io.File file,
                                     java.lang.String data,
                                     java.lang.String encoding)
                              throws java.io.IOException

Writes a String to a file creating the file if it does not exist. NOTE: As from v1.3, the parent directories of the file will be created if they do not exist.

Parameters:: file - the file to write; data - the content to write to the file; encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error; java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the encoding is not supported by the VM

writeStringToFile

public static void writeStringToFile(java.io.File file,
                                     java.lang.String data)
                              throws java.io.IOException

Writes a String to a file creating the file if it does not exist using the default encoding for the VM.

Parameters:: file - the file to write; data - the content to write to the file
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error

writeByteArrayToFile

public static void writeByteArrayToFile(java.io.File file,
                                        byte[] data)
                                 throws java.io.IOException

Writes a byte array to a file creating the file if it does not exist.

NOTE: As from v1.3, the parent directories of the file will be created if they do not exist.

Parameters:: file - the file to write to; data - the content to write to the file
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error
Since:: Commons IO 1.1

writeLines

public static void writeLines(java.io.File file,
                              java.lang.String encoding,
                              java.util.Collection lines)
                       throws java.io.IOException

Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to the specified File line by line. The specified character encoding and the default line ending will be used.

NOTE: As from v1.3, the parent directories of the file will be created if they do not exist.

Parameters:: file - the file to write to; encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default; lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error; java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the encoding is not supported by the VM
Since:: Commons IO 1.1

writeLines

public static void writeLines(java.io.File file,
                              java.util.Collection lines)
                       throws java.io.IOException

Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to the specified File line by line. The default VM encoding and the default line ending will be used.

Parameters:: file - the file to write to; lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error
Since:: Commons IO 1.3

writeLines

public static void writeLines(java.io.File file,
                              java.lang.String encoding,
                              java.util.Collection lines,
                              java.lang.String lineEnding)
                       throws java.io.IOException

Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to the specified File line by line. The specified character encoding and the line ending will be used.

NOTE: As from v1.3, the parent directories of the file will be created if they do not exist.

Parameters:: file - the file to write to; encoding - the encoding to use, null means platform default; lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines; lineEnding - the line separator to use, null is system default
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error; java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the encoding is not supported by the VM
Since:: Commons IO 1.1

writeLines

public static void writeLines(java.io.File file,
                              java.util.Collection lines,
                              java.lang.String lineEnding)
                       throws java.io.IOException

Writes the toString() value of each item in a collection to the specified File line by line. The default VM encoding and the specified line ending will be used.

Parameters:: file - the file to write to; lines - the lines to write, null entries produce blank lines; lineEnding - the line separator to use, null is system default
Throws:: java.io.IOException - in case of an I/O error
Since:: Commons IO 1.3

forceDelete

public static void forceDelete(java.io.File file)
                        throws java.io.IOException

Delete a file. If file is a directory, delete it and all sub-directories.

The difference between File.delete() and this method are:

A directory to be deleted does not have to be empty.
You get exceptions when a file or directory cannot be deleted. (java.io.File methods returns a boolean)

Parameters:: file - file or directory to delete, must not be null
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if the directory is null; java.io.IOException - in case deletion is unsuccessful

forceDeleteOnExit

public static void forceDeleteOnExit(java.io.File file)
                              throws java.io.IOException

Schedule a file to be deleted when JVM exits. If file is directory delete it and all sub-directories.

Parameters:: file - file or directory to delete, must not be null
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if the file is null; java.io.IOException - in case deletion is unsuccessful

forceMkdir

public static void forceMkdir(java.io.File directory)
                       throws java.io.IOException

Make a directory, including any necessary but nonexistent parent directories. If there already exists a file with specified name or the directory cannot be created then an exception is thrown.

Parameters:: directory - directory to create, must not be null
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if the directory is null; java.io.IOException - if the directory cannot be created

sizeOfDirectory

public static long sizeOfDirectory(java.io.File directory)

Recursively count size of a directory (sum of the length of all files).

Parameters:: directory - directory to inspect, must not be null
Returns:: size of directory in bytes, 0 if directory is security restricted
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if the directory is null

isFileNewer

public static boolean isFileNewer(java.io.File file,
                                  java.io.File reference)

Tests if the specified File is newer than the reference File.

Parameters:: file - the File of which the modification date must be compared, must not be null; reference - the File of which the modification date is used, must not be null
Returns:: true if the File exists and has been modified more recently than the reference File
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is null; java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the reference file is null or doesn't exist

isFileNewer

public static boolean isFileNewer(java.io.File file,
                                  java.util.Date date)

Tests if the specified File is newer than the specified Date.

Parameters:: file - the File of which the modification date must be compared, must not be null; date - the date reference, must not be null
Returns:: true if the File exists and has been modified after the given Date.
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is null; java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the date is null

isFileNewer

public static boolean isFileNewer(java.io.File file,
                                  long timeMillis)

Tests if the specified File is newer than the specified time reference.

Parameters:: file - the File of which the modification date must be compared, must not be null; timeMillis - the time reference measured in milliseconds since the epoch (00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970)
Returns:: true if the File exists and has been modified after the given time reference.
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is null

isFileOlder

public static boolean isFileOlder(java.io.File file,
                                  java.io.File reference)

Tests if the specified File is older than the reference File.

Parameters:: file - the File of which the modification date must be compared, must not be null; reference - the File of which the modification date is used, must not be null
Returns:: true if the File exists and has been modified before the reference File
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is null; java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the reference file is null or doesn't exist

isFileOlder

public static boolean isFileOlder(java.io.File file,
                                  java.util.Date date)

Tests if the specified File is older than the specified Date.

Parameters:: file - the File of which the modification date must be compared, must not be null; date - the date reference, must not be null
Returns:: true if the File exists and has been modified before the given Date.
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is null; java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the date is null

isFileOlder

public static boolean isFileOlder(java.io.File file,
                                  long timeMillis)

Tests if the specified File is older than the specified time reference.

Parameters:: file - the File of which the modification date must be compared, must not be null; timeMillis - the time reference measured in milliseconds since the epoch (00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970)
Returns:: true if the File exists and has been modified before the given time reference.
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is null

checksumCRC32

public static long checksumCRC32(java.io.File file)
                          throws java.io.IOException

Computes the checksum of a file using the CRC32 checksum routine. The value of the checksum is returned.

Parameters:: file - the file to checksum, must not be null
Returns:: the checksum value
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if the file or checksum is null; java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is a directory; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs reading the file
Since:: Commons IO 1.3

checksum

public static java.util.zip.Checksum checksum(java.io.File file,
                                              java.util.zip.Checksum checksum)
                                       throws java.io.IOException

Computes the checksum of a file using the specified checksum object. Multiple files may be checked using one Checksum instance if desired simply by reusing the same checksum object. For example:

   long csum = FileUtils.checksum(file, new CRC32()).getValue();

Parameters:: file - the file to checksum, must not be null; checksum - the checksum object to be used, must not be null
Returns:: the checksum specified, updated with the content of the file
Throws:: java.lang.NullPointerException - if the file or checksum is null; java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the file is a directory; java.io.IOException - if an IO error occurs reading the file
Since:: Commons IO 1.3

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org.apache.commons.io Class FileUtils

ONE_KB

ONE_MB

ONE_GB

EMPTY_FILE_ARRAY

FileUtils

openInputStream

openOutputStream

byteCountToDisplaySize

touch

convertFileCollectionToFileArray

listFiles

iterateFiles

listFiles

iterateFiles

contentEquals

toFile

toFiles

toURLs

copyFileToDirectory

copyFileToDirectory

copyFile

copyFile

copyDirectoryToDirectory

copyDirectory

copyDirectory

copyURLToFile

deleteDirectory

cleanDirectory

waitFor

readFileToString

readFileToString

readFileToByteArray

readLines

readLines

lineIterator

lineIterator

writeStringToFile

writeStringToFile

writeByteArrayToFile

writeLines

writeLines

writeLines

writeLines

forceDelete

forceDeleteOnExit

forceMkdir

sizeOfDirectory

isFileNewer

isFileNewer

isFileNewer

isFileOlder

isFileOlder

isFileOlder

checksumCRC32

checksum

org.apache.commons.io
Class FileUtils