org.eclipse.persistence.queries

Class QueryByExamplePolicy

java.lang.Object

org.eclipse.persistence.queries.QueryByExamplePolicy

All Implemented Interfaces:

java.io.Serializable

public class QueryByExamplePolicy
extends java.lang.Object
implements java.io.Serializable

Purpose: This policy defines the configuration options for a Query By Example query.

Description: A Query By Example query is an ObjectLevelReadQuery where the selection criteria is built from an example domain object passed in via setExampleObject.

If no policy is specified the selection criteria is built from the example object in the following way:

• Attributes of the example object set to null are ignored.
• Attributes set to the default value for their primitive type (such as 0 for int) are ignored.
• Unmapped attributes are ignored.
• A domain object is returned by the query only if its values for all the included attributes equal those set in the example object.

A policy can be set on the query to:

• Always consider an attribute even if set to null or the default value for its type. See alwaysIncludeAttribute.
• Ignore attributes set to some other special value. See excludeValue.
• Match a null attribute on the example object with domain objects that have either null for that attribute also, or have set a meaningful (notNull) value for that attribute. See setShouldUseEqualityForNulls(boolean).
• Use specialized operations when comparing attributes set in the example object with those set in the domain objects. Matching attributes can be those with values greater than, less than, like, or not equal to that set in the example object. See addSpecialOperation(java.lang.Class, java.lang.String).

Note: When setting an attribute on the example object which is itself a java object with an ObjectReferenceMapping, the mapped components of that attribute will be considered, not the entire object. There is no limit to how many mapped objects can be nested inside the example object.

Note: setExampleObject is different from setSelectionObject in ReadObjectQuery which reads a single object by first extracting the primary key from the selection object.

Restrictions:

• Only attributes whose mappings are DirectToField, Aggregate (Embeddable), ObjectReference (OneToOne) or Collection type OneToMany/ManyToMany are considered in a Query By Example object. The behaviour when an example object has attribute values for other mappings types is undefined.
  • To ensure the example does not include any unsupported mappings the flag setValidateExample(boolean) should be set to true on the corresponding QueryByExamplePolicy to ensure no unsupported relationship types are used in the example.
  • For OneToMany and ManyToMany mappings the elements within the collections and the references attribute values will be added to the expression as disjuncts (OR)

Example:

 // This example uses like for Strings and the salary must be greater
 // than zero.
 ReadAllQuery query = new ReadAllQuery();
 Employee employee = new Employee();
 employee.setFirstName("B%");
 employee.setLastName("S%");
 employee.setSalary(0);
 query.setExampleObject(employee);
 QueryByExamplePolicy policy = new QueryByExamplePolicy();
 policy.addSpecialOperation(String.class, "like");
 policy.addSpecialOperation(Integer.class, "greaterThan");
 policy.alwaysIncludeAttribute(Employee.class, "salary");
 query.setQueryByExamplePolicy(policy);
 Vector results = (Vector) session.executeQuery(query);
 

See Also:

ObjectLevelReadQuery.setExampleObject(java.lang.Object), ObjectLevelReadQuery.setQueryByExamplePolicy(org.eclipse.persistence.queries.QueryByExamplePolicy), Serialized Form

Since:

TOPLink/Java 3.0

Field Summary

Fields

Modifier and Type	Field and Description
java.util.Map	attributesToAlwaysInclude
boolean	shouldUseEqualityForNulls
java.util.Map	specialOperations
protected boolean	validateExample
java.util.Map	valuesToExclude

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description
QueryByExamplePolicy() PUBLIC: Constructs a default policy equal to that used when no policy is specified.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
void	addSpecialOperation(java.lang.Class attributeValueClass, java.lang.String operation) PUBLIC: Allows operations other than Expression.equal to be used for comparisons.
void	alwaysIncludeAttribute(java.lang.Class exampleClass, java.lang.String attributeName) PUBLIC: Always considers the value for a particular attribute as meaningful in a query by example.
Expression	completeExpression(Expression expression, java.lang.Object attributeValue, java.lang.Class attributeValueClass) INTERNAL: This method is used to determine which operation to use for comparison (equal, or a special operation).
Expression	completeExpressionForNull(Expression expression) INTERNAL: This method is used when the attribute value is null, but it has to be included at all times.
void	excludeDefaultPrimitiveValues() PUBLIC: Ignores attributes set to the default value for their primitive type.
void	excludeValue(boolean value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
void	excludeValue(byte value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
void	excludeValue(char value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
void	excludeValue(double value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
void	excludeValue(float value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
void	excludeValue(int value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to be an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
void	excludeValue(long value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
void	excludeValue(java.lang.Object value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
void	excludeValue(short value) PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.
java.util.Map	getAttributesToAlwaysInclude() PUBLIC: Attributes to always consider even if set to null or an excluded value like 0 or false.
java.lang.String	getOperation(java.lang.Class aClass) INTERNAL: determines which operation to use for comparison.
java.util.Map	getSpecialOperations() PUBLIC: The special operations to use in place of equal.
java.util.Map	getValuesToExclude() PUBLIC: Decides which attributes to ignore based on the values they are set to.
void	includeAllValues() PUBLIC: Considers all mapped attributes in the example object as meaningful in a Query By Example.
boolean	isAlwaysIncluded(java.lang.Class theClass, java.lang.String attributeName) INTERNAL: returns whether the attributeName is to be always included.
boolean	isExcludedValue(java.lang.Object value) INTERNAL: returns if the value is in the values to be excluded automatically.
void	removeFromValuesToExclude(java.lang.Object value) PUBLIC: Considers all attributes set to a previously excluded value on the example object.
void	setAttributesToAlwaysInclude(java.util.Map newAttributesToAlwaysInclude) INTERNAL: It is possible to generate a Hashtable (keys are the Class, and values the attribute names) of the attributes to be included at all times (even if the value is null, or the value belongs to the values to be excluced automatically).
void	setShouldUseEqualityForNulls(boolean shouldUseEqualityForNulls) PUBLIC: Matches an included null attribute in the example object either to objects with that attribute also set to null or to any value other than null.
void	setSpecialOperations(java.util.Map newOperations) PUBLIC: The special operations to use in place of equal.
void	setValidateExample(boolean validate) PUBLIC: When set to true the example object will be validated for unsupported mapping types.
void	setValuesToExclude(java.util.Map newValuesToExclude) PUBLIC: Decides which attributes to ignore based on the values they are set to.
boolean	shouldIncludeInQuery(java.lang.Class aClass, java.lang.String attributeName, java.lang.Object attributeValue) INTERNAL: This method determines whether an attribute pair is be included in the query.
boolean	shouldUseEqualityForNulls() PUBLIC: Matches an included null attribute in the example object either to objects with that attribute also set to null or to any value other than null.
boolean	shouldValidateExample() PUBLIC: Returns true if the example object used with this policy should be validated for attributes with unsupported mappings.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

valuesToExclude

public java.util.Map valuesToExclude

attributesToAlwaysInclude

public java.util.Map attributesToAlwaysInclude

specialOperations

public java.util.Map specialOperations

shouldUseEqualityForNulls

public boolean shouldUseEqualityForNulls

validateExample

protected boolean validateExample

Constructor Detail

QueryByExamplePolicy

public QueryByExamplePolicy()

PUBLIC: Constructs a default policy equal to that used when no policy is specified.

Sets the default values to be excluded, (that includes 0, false, empty String, etc).

By default if an attribute is null, and yet has to be included at all times, equality (isNull) is used for the comparison. This is used for searching for an object with a null in a certain field.

See Also:

excludeDefaultPrimitiveValues(), setShouldUseEqualityForNulls(true)

Method Detail

addSpecialOperation

public void addSpecialOperation(java.lang.Class attributeValueClass,
                                java.lang.String operation)

PUBLIC: Allows operations other than Expression.equal to be used for comparisons.

For example if an attribute of type int is set to x in the example object, normally the query will be on all objects whose attributes are also equal to x. The query could however be all objects whose attributes are not x, greater than x, or even less than or equal to x.

Any comparison operation in Expression which takes the example attribute as a parameter can be used. A list of supported operations is provided below.

Note: A special operation can not be used for attributes set to null. The only options are isNull (default) and notNull. See setShouldUseEqualityForNulls(boolean).

Parameters:

attributeValueClass - Attribute values of which type, for instance Integer, to apply to. Note for int attributes the class is Integer.class not int.class. This is not the Class of the example object the attribute is an instance variable of.

operation - Name of method in Expression used

See Also:

equal (default), notEqual, equalsIgnoreCase, lessThan, lessThanEqual, greaterThan, greaterThanEqual, like, likeIgnoreCase, containsAllKeyWords, containsAnyKeyWords, containsSubstring, containsSubstringIgnoringCase

alwaysIncludeAttribute

public void alwaysIncludeAttribute(java.lang.Class exampleClass,
                                   java.lang.String attributeName)

PUBLIC: Always considers the value for a particular attribute as meaningful in a query by example.

Required to override the normal behavior which is to ignore an attribute of the example object if set to null, or an excluded value like 0.

Example: To find all projects without a budget set budget to 0 in the example object and call alwaysIncludeAttribute(Project.class, "budget") on the policy.

Parameters:

exampleClass - The class that the attribute belongs to, normally this is the example class unless using nested QBE.

attributeName - The name of a mapped attribute.

completeExpression

public Expression completeExpression(Expression expression,
                                     java.lang.Object attributeValue,
                                     java.lang.Class attributeValueClass)

INTERNAL: This method is used to determine which operation to use for comparison (equal, or a special operation).

completeExpressionForNull

public Expression completeExpressionForNull(Expression expression)

INTERNAL: This method is used when the attribute value is null, but it has to be included at all times. It determines whether to use isNull, or notNull.

excludeDefaultPrimitiveValues

public void excludeDefaultPrimitiveValues()

PUBLIC: Ignores attributes set to the default value for their primitive type.

For instance 0 is used as null for deciding which int attributes of the example object can be ignored in a query by example.

Called by the constructor.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(byte value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for byte is 0.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(char value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for char is ''.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(double value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for double is 0.0.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(float value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for float is 0.0f.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(int value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to be an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for int is 0.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(long value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for long is 0.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(java.lang.Object value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for String is "".

Note: null is special and always considered an excluded value.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(short value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for short is 0.

excludeValue

public void excludeValue(boolean value)

PUBLIC: An attribute in the example object set to an excluded value will be ignored in a Query By Example.

The default excluded value for boolean is false.

getAttributesToAlwaysInclude

public java.util.Map getAttributesToAlwaysInclude()

PUBLIC: Attributes to always consider even if set to null or an excluded value like 0 or false.

See Also:

alwaysIncludeAttribute(java.lang.Class, java.lang.String)

getOperation

public java.lang.String getOperation(java.lang.Class aClass)

INTERNAL: determines which operation to use for comparison.

getSpecialOperations

public java.util.Map getSpecialOperations()

PUBLIC: The special operations to use in place of equal.

Returns:

A hashtable where the keys are Class objects and the values are the names of operations to use for attributes of that Class.

See Also:

addSpecialOperation(java.lang.Class, java.lang.String)

getValuesToExclude

public java.util.Map getValuesToExclude()

PUBLIC: Decides which attributes to ignore based on the values they are set to.

If an attribute of the example domain object is set to one of these values it will be ignored, and not considered in the query.

Attributes set to excluded values are not always ignored. See alwaysIncludeAttribute.

Returns:

valuesToExclude The keys and values are values to exclude (key == value). Primitives are wrapped, so int 0 will be stored as Integer(0).

See Also:

excludeValue(byte), excludeDefaultPrimitiveValues(), includeAllValues()

includeAllValues

public void includeAllValues()

PUBLIC: Considers all mapped attributes in the example object as meaningful in a Query By Example.

Note: Even attributes of the example object that are not set, and therefore zero or empty by default, will be included.

Reverses a previous call to excludeDefaultPrimitiveValues().

isAlwaysIncluded

public boolean isAlwaysIncluded(java.lang.Class theClass,
                                java.lang.String attributeName)

INTERNAL: returns whether the attributeName is to be always included.

isExcludedValue

public boolean isExcludedValue(java.lang.Object value)

INTERNAL: returns if the value is in the values to be excluded automatically.

removeFromValuesToExclude

public void removeFromValuesToExclude(java.lang.Object value)

PUBLIC: Considers all attributes set to a previously excluded value on the example object.

Primitive values to be removed must first be wrapped inside an Object.

Parameters:

value - No attributes set to value will be excluded from a Query By Example. value.getClass() is a key of the Hashtable returned by getValuesToExclude().

Note: There is a distinction between an attribute and the value it is set to. An attribute can be included independently of its value with alwaysIncludeAttribute (recommended). It can also be included by making the value it is set to no longer excluded.

Note: null values are special and will always be excluded.

See Also:

excludeDefaultPrimitiveValues(), includeAllValues(), excludeValue(Object)

setAttributesToAlwaysInclude

public void setAttributesToAlwaysInclude(java.util.Map newAttributesToAlwaysInclude)

INTERNAL: It is possible to generate a Hashtable (keys are the Class, and values the attribute names) of the attributes to be included at all times (even if the value is null, or the value belongs to the values to be excluced automatically).

setShouldUseEqualityForNulls

public void setShouldUseEqualityForNulls(boolean shouldUseEqualityForNulls)

PUBLIC: Matches an included null attribute in the example object either to objects with that attribute also set to null or to any value other than null.

Set to false to only select objects where certain attributes have been set.

Example: to find all Employees with an assigned address, set attribute address to null in the example object, call alwaysIncludeAttribute(Employee.class, "address") and then call setShouldUseEqualityForNulls(false).

Note: Unless an attribute set to null is specifically included, it will not be considered at all in the Query By Example.

Parameters:

shouldUseEqualityForNulls - If true (by default) uses isNull else notNull.

See Also:

addSpecialOperation, alwaysIncludeAttribute

setSpecialOperations

public void setSpecialOperations(java.util.Map newOperations)

PUBLIC: The special operations to use in place of equal.

Parameters:

newOperations - A hashtable where the keys are Class objects and the values are the names of operations to use for attributes of that Class.

See Also:

addSpecialOperation(java.lang.Class, java.lang.String)

setValidateExample

public void setValidateExample(boolean validate)

PUBLIC: When set to true the example object will be validated for unsupported mapping types. If you wish these mapping types to be ignored either set this flag to false or add the attribute to the list of ignored attributes in this policy

setValuesToExclude

public void setValuesToExclude(java.util.Map newValuesToExclude)

PUBLIC: Decides which attributes to ignore based on the values they are set to.

An attribute of the example domain object set to one of these values will be ignored, and not considered in the query.

Attributes set to excluded values are not always ignored. See alwaysIncludeAttribute.

Parameters:

newValuesToExclude - The keys and values are values to exclude (key == value). Primitives are wrapped, so int 0 will be stored as Integer(0).

See Also:

excludeValue(byte), excludeDefaultPrimitiveValues(), includeAllValues()

shouldIncludeInQuery

public boolean shouldIncludeInQuery(java.lang.Class aClass,
                                    java.lang.String attributeName,
                                    java.lang.Object attributeValue)

INTERNAL: This method determines whether an attribute pair is be included in the query.

shouldUseEqualityForNulls

public boolean shouldUseEqualityForNulls()

PUBLIC: Matches an included null attribute in the example object either to objects with that attribute also set to null or to any value other than null.

Set to false to only select objects where certain attributes have been set.

Example: to find all Employees with an assigned address, set attribute address to null in the example object, call alwaysIncludeAttribute(Employee.class, "address") and then call setShouldUseEqualityForNulls(false).

Returns:

If true (by default) uses isNull else notNull.

See Also:

addSpecialOperation, alwaysIncludeAttribute

shouldValidateExample

public boolean shouldValidateExample()

PUBLIC: Returns true if the example object used with this policy should be validated for attributes with unsupported mappings.