Returns a new general collection containing the elements from the left hand operand followed by the elements from the right hand operand. The element type of the general collection is the most specific superclass encompassing the element types of the two operands.

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this collection or iterator, going left to right.

Note: /: is alternate syntax for foldLeft; z /: xs is the same as xs foldLeft z.

Examples:

Note that the folding function used to compute b is equivalent to that used to compute c.

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = (5 /: a)(_+_)
b: Int = 15

scala> val c = (5 /: a)((x,y) => x + y)
c: Int = 15

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this collection or iterator and a start value, going right to left.

Note: :\ is alternate syntax for foldRight; xs :\ z is the same as xs foldRight z.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Examples:

Note that the folding function used to compute b is equivalent to that used to compute c.

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = (a :\ 5)(_+_)
b: Int = 15

scala> val c = (a :\ 5)((x,y) => x + y)
c: Int = 15

Aggregates the results of applying an operator to subsequent elements.

This is a more general form of fold and reduce. It is similar to foldLeft in that it doesn't require the result to be a supertype of the element type. In addition, it allows parallel collections to be processed in chunks, and then combines the intermediate results.

aggregate splits the collection or iterator into partitions and processes each partition by sequentially applying seqop, starting with z (like foldLeft). Those intermediate results are then combined by using combop (like fold). The implementation of this operation may operate on an arbitrary number of collection partitions (even 1), so combop may be invoked an arbitrary number of times (even 0).

As an example, consider summing up the integer values of a list of chars. The initial value for the sum is 0. First, seqop transforms each input character to an Int and adds it to the sum (of the partition). Then, combop just needs to sum up the intermediate results of the partitions:

List('a', 'b', 'c').aggregate(0)({ (sum, ch) => sum + ch.toInt }, { (p1, p2) => p1 + p2 })

A method that should be called from every well-designed equals method that is open to be overridden in a subclass. See Programming in Scala, Chapter 28 for discussion and design.

Tests whether this map contains a binding for a key.

Counts the number of elements in the collection or iterator which satisfy a predicate.

Selects all elements except first n ones.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Drops longest prefix of elements that satisfy a predicate.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Tests whether a predicate holds for at least one element of this collection or iterator.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Selects all elements of this general collection which satisfy a predicate.

Filters this map by retaining only keys satisfying a predicate.

Selects all elements of this general collection which do not satisfy a predicate.

Finds the first element of the collection or iterator satisfying a predicate, if any.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Folds the elements of this collection or iterator using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this collection or iterator, going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this collection or iterator and a start value, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Tests whether a predicate holds for all elements of this collection or iterator.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Partitions this general collection into a map of general collections according to some discriminator function.

Note: this method is not re-implemented by views. This means when applied to a view it will always force the view and return a new general collection.

Tests whether this collection or iterator is known to have a finite size. All strict collections are known to have finite size. For a non-strict collection such as Stream, the predicate returns true if all elements have been computed. It returns false if the stream is not yet evaluated to the end. Non-empty Iterators usually return false even if they were created from a collection with a known finite size.

Note: many collection methods will not work on collections of infinite sizes. The typical failure mode is an infinite loop. These methods always attempt a traversal without checking first that hasDefiniteSize returns true. However, checking hasDefiniteSize can provide an assurance that size is well-defined and non-termination is not a concern.

Selects the first element of this collection.

Optionally selects the first element.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Selects all elements except the last.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Tests whether this map contains a binding for a key. This method, which implements an abstract method of trait PartialFunction, is equivalent to contains.

Tests whether this collection is empty.

Tests whether this general collection can be repeatedly traversed.

Collects all keys of this map in an iterable collection.

Creates an iterator for all keys.

Selects the last element.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Optionally selects the last element.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Transforms this map by applying a function to every retrieved value.

Displays all elements of this collection or iterator in a string.

Displays all elements of this collection or iterator in a string using a separator string.

Displays all elements of this collection or iterator in a string using start, end, and separator strings.

Tests whether the collection or iterator is not empty.

Partitions this general collection in two general collections according to a predicate.

Reduces the elements of this collection or iterator using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

Optionally applies a binary operator to all elements of this collection or iterator, going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Reduces the elements of this collection or iterator, if any, using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this collection or iterator, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Optionally applies a binary operator to all elements of this collection or iterator, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Computes a prefix scan of the elements of the collection.

Note: The neutral element z may be applied more than once.

Produces a collection containing cumulative results of applying the operator going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Produces a collection containing cumulative results of applying the operator going right to left. The head of the collection is the last cumulative result.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Example:

List(1, 2, 3, 4).scanRight(0)(_ + _) == List(10, 9, 7, 4, 0)

The size of this general collection.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Selects an interval of elements. The returned collection is made up of all elements x which satisfy the invariant:

from <= indexOf(x) < until

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Splits this general collection into a prefix/suffix pair according to a predicate.

Note: c span p is equivalent to (but possibly more efficient than) (c takeWhile p, c dropWhile p), provided the evaluation of the predicate p does not cause any side-effects.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Splits this general collection into two at a given position. Note: c splitAt n is equivalent to (but possibly more efficient than) (c take n, c drop n).

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Defines the prefix of this object's toString representation.

Selects all elements except the first.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Selects first n elements.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Takes longest prefix of elements that satisfy a predicate.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Uses the contents of this collection or iterator to create a new mutable buffer.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection or iterator to an indexed sequence.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection or iterator to an iterable collection. Note that the choice of target Iterable is lazy in this default implementation as this TraversableOnce may be lazy and unevaluated (i.e. it may be an iterator which is only traversable once).

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Returns an Iterator over the elements in this collection or iterator. Will return the same Iterator if this instance is already an Iterator.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection or iterator to a list.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection or iterator to a sequence. As with toIterable, it's lazy in this default implementation, as this TraversableOnce may be lazy and unevaluated.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection or iterator to a set.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection or iterator to a stream.

Converts this collection or iterator to an unspecified Traversable. Will return the same collection if this instance is already Traversable.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection or iterator to a Vector.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Collects all values of this map in an iterable collection.

Creates an iterator for all values in this map.

Test two objects for inequality.

Equivalent to x.hashCode except for boxed numeric types and null. For numerics, it returns a hash value which is consistent with value equality: if two value type instances compare as true, then ## will produce the same hash value for each of them. For null returns a hashcode where null.hashCode throws a NullPointerException.

The expression x == that is equivalent to if (x eq null) that eq null else x.equals(that).

Cast the receiver object to be of type T0.

Note that the success of a cast at runtime is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression 1.asInstanceOf[String] will throw a ClassCastException at runtime, while the expression List(1).asInstanceOf[List[String]] will not. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested type.

Create a copy of the receiver object.

The default implementation of the clone method is platform dependent.

Builds a new collection by applying a partial function to all elements of this collection on which the function is defined.

The factory companion object that builds instances of class Traversable. (or its Iterable superclass where class Traversable is not a Seq.)

Copies the elements of this collection to an array. Fills the given array xs with at most len elements of this collection, starting at position start. Copying will stop once either the end of the current collection is reached, or the end of the target array is reached, or len elements have been copied.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Copies the elements of this collection to an array. Fills the given array xs with values of this collection, beginning at index start. Copying will stop once either the end of the current collection is reached, or the end of the target array is reached.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Copies the elements of this collection to an array. Fills the given array xs with values of this collection. Copying will stop once either the end of the current collection is reached, or the end of the target array is reached.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Tests whether the argument (that) is a reference to the receiver object (this).

The eq method implements an equivalence relation on non-null instances of AnyRef, and has three additional properties:

• It is consistent: for any non-null instances x and y of type AnyRef, multiple invocations of x.eq(y) consistently returns true or consistently returns false.
• For any non-null instance x of type AnyRef, x.eq(null) and null.eq(x) returns false.
• null.eq(null) returns true.

When overriding the equals or hashCode methods, it is important to ensure that their behavior is consistent with reference equality. Therefore, if two objects are references to each other (o1 eq o2), they should be equal to each other (o1 == o2) and they should hash to the same value (o1.hashCode == o2.hashCode).

Compares two maps structurally; i.e., checks if all mappings contained in this map are also contained in the other map, and vice versa.

Called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when there are no more references to the object.

The details of when and if the finalize method is invoked, as well as the interaction between finalize and non-local returns and exceptions, are all platform dependent.

Builds a new collection by applying a function to all elements of this collection and using the elements of the resulting collections.

For example:

def getWords(lines: Seq[String]): Seq[String] = lines flatMap (line => line split "\\W+")

The type of the resulting collection is guided by the static type of collection. This might cause unexpected results sometimes. For example:

// lettersOf will return a Seq[Char] of likely repeated letters, instead of a Set
def lettersOf(words: Seq[String]) = words flatMap (word => word.toSet)

// lettersOf will return a Set[Char], not a Seq
def lettersOf(words: Seq[String]) = words.toSet flatMap (word => word.toSeq)

// xs will be an Iterable[Int]
val xs = Map("a" -> List(11,111), "b" -> List(22,222)).flatMap(_._2)

// ys will be a Map[Int, Int]
val ys = Map("a" -> List(1 -> 11,1 -> 111), "b" -> List(2 -> 22,2 -> 222)).flatMap(_._2)

Converts this collection of traversable collections into a collection formed by the elements of these traversable collections.

The resulting collection's type will be guided by the static type of collection. For example:

val xs = List(
           Set(1, 2, 3),
           Set(1, 2, 3)
         ).flatten
// xs == List(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)

val ys = Set(
           List(1, 2, 3),
           List(3, 2, 1)
         ).flatten
// ys == Set(1, 2, 3)

Returns string formatted according to given format string. Format strings are as for String.format (@see java.lang.String.format).

The generic builder that builds instances of Traversable at arbitrary element types.

Returns the runtime class representation of the object.

Returns the value associated with a key, or a default value if the key is not contained in the map.

The hashCode method for reference types. See hashCode in scala.Any.

Test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0.

Note that the result of the test is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression 1.isInstanceOf[String] will return false, while the expression List(1).isInstanceOf[List[String]] will return true. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the specified type.

Builds a new collection by applying a function to all elements of this collection.

Finds the largest element.

Finds the first element which yields the largest value measured by function f.

Finds the smallest element.

Finds the first element which yields the smallest value measured by function f.

Equivalent to !(this eq that).

The builder that builds instances of type Traversable[A]

Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.

Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.

Multiplies up the elements of this collection.

Checks if the other iterable collection contains the same elements in the same order as this collection.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

The size of this collection or iterator, if it can be cheaply computed

Sums up the elements of this collection.

Converts this collection into another by copying all elements.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection to an array.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Converts this collection to a map. This method is unavailable unless the elements are members of Tuple2, each ((T, U)) becoming a key-value pair in the map. Duplicate keys will be overwritten by later keys: if this is an unordered collection, which key is in the resulting map is undefined.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Creates a String representation of this object. The default representation is platform dependent. On the java platform it is the concatenation of the class name, "@", and the object's hashcode in hexadecimal.

Transposes this collection of traversable collections into a collection of collections.

The resulting collection's type will be guided by the static type of collection. For example:

val xs = List(
           Set(1, 2, 3),
           Set(4, 5, 6)).transpose
// xs == List(
//         List(1, 4),
//         List(2, 5),
//         List(3, 6))

val ys = Vector(
           List(1, 2, 3),
           List(4, 5, 6)).transpose
// ys == Vector(
//         Vector(1, 4),
//         Vector(2, 5),
//         Vector(3, 6))

Converts this collection of pairs into two collections of the first and second half of each pair.

val xs = Traversable(
           (1, "one"),
           (2, "two"),
           (3, "three")).unzip
// xs == (Traversable(1, 2, 3),
//        Traversable(one, two, three))

Converts this collection of triples into three collections of the first, second, and third element of each triple.

val xs = Traversable(
           (1, "one", '1'),
           (2, "two", '2'),
           (3, "three", '3')).unzip3
// xs == (Traversable(1, 2, 3),
//        Traversable(one, two, three),
//        Traversable(1, 2, 3))

Returns a collection formed from this collection and another iterable collection by combining corresponding elements in pairs. If one of the two collections is longer than the other, its remaining elements are ignored.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Returns a collection formed from this collection and another iterable collection by combining corresponding elements in pairs. If one of the two collections is shorter than the other, placeholder elements are used to extend the shorter collection to the length of the longer.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

Zips this collection with its indices.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.