abstract class Real extends AnyRef
This class defines a uniform interface for defining parsers for floating literals, independent of how whitespace should be handled after the literal.
- Source
- Real.scala
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
implementations of this class found within
Lexer
may employ sharing and refine the non-finaldef
s in this class intoval
orlazy val
when overriding.
- Alphabetic
- By Inheritance
- Real
- AnyRef
- Any
- Hide All
- Show All
- Public
- Protected
Abstract Value Members
- abstract def binary: Parsley[BigDecimal]
This parser will parse a single real number literal, which is in binary form (base 2).
This parser will parse a single real number literal, which is in binary form (base 2).
- Since
4.0.0
- To do
examples
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.
- abstract def decimal: Parsley[BigDecimal]
This parser will parse a single real number literal, which is in decimal form (base 10).
This parser will parse a single real number literal, which is in decimal form (base 10).
- Since
4.0.0
- To do
examples
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.
- abstract def hexadecimal: Parsley[BigDecimal]
This parser will parse a single real number literal, which is in hexadecimal form (base 16).
This parser will parse a single real number literal, which is in hexadecimal form (base 16).
- Since
4.0.0
- To do
examples
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.
- abstract def number: Parsley[BigDecimal]
This parser will parse a single number literal, which may be in many different forms/bases depending on the configuration provided.
This parser will parse a single number literal, which may be in many different forms/bases depending on the configuration provided.
- Since
4.0.0
- To do
examples
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.
- abstract def octal: Parsley[BigDecimal]
This parser will parse a single real number literal, which is in octal form (base 8).
This parser will parse a single real number literal, which is in octal form (base 8).
- Since
4.0.0
- To do
examples
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.
Concrete Value Members
- final def !=(arg0: Any): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- final def ##: Int
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- final def ==(arg0: Any): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- def _binary: Parsley[BigDecimal]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- def _decimal: Parsley[BigDecimal]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- def _hexadecimal: Parsley[BigDecimal]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- def _number: Parsley[BigDecimal]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- def _octal: Parsley[BigDecimal]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- final def asInstanceOf[T0]: T0
- Definition Classes
- Any
- lazy val binaryDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def binaryDoubleRounded: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- lazy val binaryExactDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val binaryExactFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val binaryFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def binaryFloatRounded: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.This parser will behave the same as
binary
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- def clone(): AnyRef
- Attributes
- protected[lang]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws(classOf[java.lang.CloneNotSupportedException]) @native()
- lazy val decimalDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def decimalDoubleRounded: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- lazy val decimalExactDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val decimalExactFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val decimalFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def decimalFloatRounded: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.This parser will behave the same as
decimal
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- lazy val double: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def doubleRounded: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- def ensureDouble(number: Parsley[BigDecimal], label: LabelWithExplainConfig): Parsley[Double]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- def ensureExactDouble(number: Parsley[BigDecimal], label: LabelWithExplainConfig): Parsley[Double]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- def ensureExactFloat(number: Parsley[BigDecimal], label: LabelWithExplainConfig): Parsley[Float]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- def ensureFloat(number: Parsley[BigDecimal], label: LabelWithExplainConfig): Parsley[Float]
- Attributes
- protected[numeric]
- final def eq(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- def equals(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- lazy val exactDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val exactFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- def finalize(): Unit
- Attributes
- protected[lang]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws(classOf[java.lang.Throwable])
- lazy val float: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def floatRounded: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.This parser will behave the same as
number
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- final def getClass(): Class[_ <: AnyRef]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- Annotations
- @native()
- def hashCode(): Int
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- Annotations
- @native()
- lazy val hexadecimalDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def hexadecimalDoubleRounded: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- lazy val hexadecimalExactDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val hexadecimalExactFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val hexadecimalFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def hexadecimalFloatRounded: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.This parser will behave the same as
hexadecimal
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- final def isInstanceOf[T0]: Boolean
- Definition Classes
- Any
- final def ne(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- final def notify(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @native()
- final def notifyAll(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @native()
- lazy val octalDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def octalDoubleRounded: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will round the result to the nearest validDouble
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- lazy val octalExactDouble: Parsley[Double]
This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented double-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aDouble
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val octalExactFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is an exactly represented single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the number is considered exact when it can be losslessly represented in binary.
- lazy val octalFloat: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value.This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will ensure that the resultingBigDecimal
is within the maximum bounds of a single-precision IEEE 754 floating point value. The result is then converted to aFloat
.- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.the validation is performed when the value is within the precision range, and rounding to the nearest exact value will still occur.
- final def octalFloatRounded: Parsley[Float]
This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.This parser will behave the same as
octal
except it will round the result to the nearest validFloat
.- Annotations
- @inline()
- Since
4.0.0
- Note
the exact behaviour of this parser is decided by the implementations given in
,Lexer
, which will depend on user-defined configuration. Please see the relevant documentation of these specific objects.if the values are too big or too negatively big, they will be rounded to the corresponding infinity.
- final def synchronized[T0](arg0: => T0): T0
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- def toString(): String
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- final def wait(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws(classOf[java.lang.InterruptedException])
- final def wait(arg0: Long, arg1: Int): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws(classOf[java.lang.InterruptedException])
- final def wait(arg0: Long): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws(classOf[java.lang.InterruptedException]) @native()
This is the documentation for Parsley.
Package structure
The parsley package contains the
Parsley
class, as well as theResult
,Success
, andFailure
types. In addition to these, it also contains the following packages and "modules" (a module is defined as being an object which mocks a package):parsley.Parsley
contains the bulk of the core "function-style" combinators.parsley.combinator
contains many helpful combinators that simplify some common parser patterns.parsley.character
contains the combinators needed to read characters and strings, as well as combinators to match specific sub-sets of characters.parsley.debug
contains debugging combinators, helpful for identifying faults in parsers.parsley.extension
contains syntactic sugar combinators exposed as implicit classes.parsley.io
contains extension methods to run parsers with input sourced from IO sources.parsley.expr
contains the following sub modules:parsley.expr.chain
contains combinators used in expression parsingparsley.expr.precedence
is a builder for expression parsers built on a precedence table.parsley.expr.infix
contains combinators used in expression parsing, but with more permissive types than their equivalents inchain
.parsley.expr.mixed
contains combinators that can be used for expression parsing, but where different fixities may be mixed on the same level: this is rare in practice.parsley.implicits
contains several implicits to add syntactic sugar to the combinators. These are sub-categorised into the following sub modules:parsley.implicits.character
contains implicits to allow you to use character and string literals as parsers.parsley.implicits.combinator
contains implicits related to combinators, such as the ability to make any parser into aParsley[Unit]
automatically.parsley.implicits.lift
enables postfix application of the lift combinator onto a function (or value).parsley.implicits.zipped
enables boths a reversed form of lift where the function appears on the right and is applied on a tuple (useful when type inference has failed) as well as a.zipped
method for building tuples out of several combinators.parsley.errors
contains modules to deal with error messages, their refinement and generation.parsley.errors.combinator
provides combinators that can be used to either produce more detailed errors as well as refine existing errors.parsley.errors.tokenextractors
provides mixins for common token extraction strategies during error message generation: these can be used to avoid implementingunexpectedToken
in theErrorBuilder
.parsley.lift
contains functions which lift functions that work on regular types to those which now combine the results of parsers returning those same types. these are ubiquitous.parsley.ap
contains functions which allow for the application of a parser returning a function to several parsers returning each of the argument types.parsley.registers
contains combinators that interact with the context-sensitive functionality in the form of registers.parsley.token
contains theLexer
class that provides a host of helpful lexing combinators when provided with the description of a language.parsley.position
contains parsers for extracting position information.parsley.genericbridges
contains some basic implementations of the Parser Bridge pattern (see Design Patterns for Parser Combinators in Scala, or the parsley wiki): these can be used before more specialised generic bridge traits can be constructed.